Case series / case reportcited by the Tayebat archiveabstract only checked A-INS-18 standard review

Intensive insulin in 14 patients

Intensive conventional insulin therapy for type II diabetes. Metabolic effects during a 6-mo outpatient trial.

Overview

Henry RR et al.. Diabetes Care 1993 · PMID 8422777 · DOI 10.2337/diacare.16.1.21

Blood sugar normalised but patients gained almost 9 kg in six months.

Does the study support the specific claim? Partly · Methodological quality: very low

Study explained simply

What did the researchers want to find out?: Metabolic effects of intensive conventional insulin in type 2 diabetes
How was the study done?: Uncontrolled 6-month clinical study
How many people, animals or samples were studied?: 14; Type 2 diabetes outpatients
What was actually found?: Glucose improved; +8.7 kg.
How large was the observed effect?: +8.7 kg
What do the results mean in everyday life?: Insulin works but can cause substantial weight gain.
What are the study's limitations?: n=14; No control; 1993 regimen
What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?: Kernel of C-INS-01.
Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?: Old US regimen.
What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?: General conclusions.

Authors: Henry RR, Gumbiner B, Ditzler T, Wallace P, Lyon R, Glauber HS
Journal: Diabetes Care
Year: 1993
Identifier: PMID 8422777 DOI 10.2337/diacare.16.1.21
Verification: verified – PubMed E-utilities efetch, 2026-10-25
Retracted: no
Corrections: none
Extent checked: abstract only
Conflicts of interest and funding: not stated in abstract; grants: NCRR NIH HHS, NIDDK NIH HHS

Metabolic effects of intensive conventional insulin in type 2 diabetes

Study design: Case series / case report – Uncontrolled 6-month clinical study
Population: Type 2 diabetes outpatients
Country: USA
Period: 6 months
Sample size: 14
Inclusion and exclusion criteria: As described in the abstract; details not available in abstract.

Results: Mean glucose 17.5 -> 7.7 mmol/L; hypoglycaemia 4.1 -> 1.3 events/month; insulin dose 86-100 U; weight 93.5 -> 102.2 kg (P<0.001); weight gain correlated with insulin dose (r=0.62).
Absolute risks: not reported
Authors' conclusion: Intensive insulin rapidly improves control without unacceptable hypoglycaemia but requires large doses, with hyperinsulinaemia and progressive weight gain.

Small sample.

Kernel of C-INS-01.

Old US regimen.

Small but consistent with larger data.

Multidimensional assessment
Multidimensional assessment
Authenticity of the source	verified
Methodological quality	very low
Risk of bias	high
Precision of results	low
Directness	direct
Reproducibility	replicated
Consistency with the overall evidence	consistent
Regional transferability	moderate
Adequacy of the interpretation (by the archive)	correctly reported

None beyond those stated.

Note: according to the archive, the studies were compiled by the archive operators. Whether Dr. Elawady himself cited this study is not established.

What the archive says about the study: Listed in the archive bibliography for 'insulin-injections' without its own interpretation; used as general support for the claim that insulin intensification harms.
A. What was actually studied?: Metabolic effects of intensive conventional insulin in type 2 diabetes
B. What did the authors find?: Glucose improved; +8.7 kg.
C. What conclusions do the authors themselves draw?: Intensive insulin rapidly improves control without unacceptable hypoglycaemia but requires large doses, with hyperinsulinaemia and progressive weight gain.
D. What does the archive derive from it?: Supports insulin weight gain.
E. Is this derivation scientifically justified?: Justified for weight gain; it also shows insulin effectively lowered glucose.
Adequacy of the interpretation (by the archive): correctly reported