Fjerkræproduktion er en kilde til zoonotisk fugleinfluenza og luftvejsrisici for mennesker (H7N9 fra fjerkræ på markeder med levende dyr; lungebetændelse nær fjerkræfarme).
Oprindeligt udsagn
Ingen arabisk originalformulering tilgængelig.
Oversættelse
Fjerkræproduktion er en kilde til zoonotisk fugleinfluenza og luftvejsrisici for mennesker (H7N9 fra fjerkræ på markeder med levende dyr; lungebetændelse nær fjerkræfarme).
Oprindelse
- Kildestatus
- Arkivets redaktion
- Tilskrivning
- Archive editors (not Elawady)
- Oprindelse
- https://eltayebat.com/rule/industrial-chicken/
- Usikkerhed om tilskrivningen
- Narrative and study selection written by the archive operators; the archive states the forbidden section is documented independently of Dr. Diaa's words.
- Påstået helbredseffekt
Avian influenza infection; community-acquired pneumonia.
- Berørt befolkningsgruppe
general population (not specified)
- Geografisk afgrænsning hos Elawady
none found
Videnskabelig vurdering
Overvejende sand – Korrekt i sin kerne, men med forbehold eller mindre unøjagtigheder.
Evidensens sikkerhed: moderat – Yderligere forskning kan stadig påvirke vurderingen.
1. Hvad blev der påstået?
(Implicit through bibliography) Poultry farming poses infectious and respiratory risks to humans.
2. Hvad er påviseligt korrekt?
H7N9 cases in China were linked to wet-market poultry contact (A-CHK-13). In Egypt H5N1 and H9N2 are enzootic in poultry (I-CHK-10); in 2014-15, 165 human H5N1 cases with 51 deaths were recorded and 99% had poultry exposure (I-CHK-138). Home rearing and slaughter without protection are common in rural Egypt (I-CHK-139), and domestic pigeons can also carry H5N1 (I-CHK-135). WHO names contact with live or dead infected birds, live bird markets and home slaughter as the main risks (I-CHK-136).
3. Hvad er forkert eller overdrevet?
These are exposure risks from live birds and slaughter, not from eating cooked chicken: WHO states there is no evidence of transmission through properly prepared and cooked poultry or eggs (I-CHK-136). The pneumonia risk near Dutch poultry farms (about 11%, A-CHK-18, 2007-2013) was not confirmed in a larger follow-up study for 2014-2016 (I-CHK-137), which confirmed only an association with goat farms.
4. Hvad er stadig uklart?
Respiratory effects of emissions from large poultry farms (particulate matter, endotoxin) at close range.
5. Hvilke studier understøtter det?
6. Hvilke studier modsiger det?
I-CHK-137 (no pneumonia association with poultry farms in 2014-2016); I-CHK-136 (no transmission via properly cooked poultry).
7. Hvad gælder i Tyskland og Europa?
Avian influenza outbreaks in EU poultry are controlled by culling and movement restrictions; human infections in the EU are rare.
8. Hvad vides om Egypten?
Egypt has had a substantial number of human H5N1 cases, mostly linked to backyard poultry; handling and slaughtering live birds at home is a key risk.
9. Hvilken praktisk konklusion er passende?
Undgå kontakt med syge eller døde fugle; brug god hygiejne, når du slagter fjerkræ derhjemme; køb fra kontrollerede kilder.
Detaljer om vurderingen
- Begrundelse for evidensens sikkerhed
Human H7N9 and H5N1 infections from poultry contact are well documented; Dutch spatial data show about 11% higher pneumonia risk near poultry farms. These risks concern contact with live birds and farm emissions, not eating cooked chicken.
- Kildekvalitet
Archive bibliography; studies accurately listed, but their relevance to eating chicken is not explained.
- Regional overførbarhed
Highly relevant for Egypt (H5N1 enzootic, backyard poultry, live-bird markets); lower for EU consumers.
- Individuelle undtagelser
Poultry workers, backyard poultry keepers and live-bird market visitors are at higher risk.
- Påstandens regionale rækkevidde
- afhænger af produktionsforholdene
- Senest gennemgået
- 26. oktober 2026 foreløbig
Videnskabelig evidens i detaljer
Kun sand under bestemte betingelser – Påstanden holder kun for bestemte doser, persongrupper, tilberedninger eller omstændigheder.
Forskningsspørgsmål: Does poultry production expose people to zoonotic avian influenza and respiratory disease (pneumonia near farms), and does this risk extend to eating cooked chicken?
Forskningsspørgsmål i detaljer (PECO)
- Population
- Poultry keepers, slaughterers, market visitors, farm neighbours, consumers
- Intervention eller eksponering
- Contact with live/dead poultry; residence near poultry farms; eating cooked poultry
- Sammenligning
- No such exposure
- Geografisk rækkevidde
- production-dependent (Egypt: enzootic H5N1/H9N2, household poultry)
- Effektmål
- human avian influenza infection
- community-acquired pneumonia
Studieresultater som rapporteret af forfatterne. Vores vurdering følger nedenfor.
Hvad taler for påstanden?
Bird flu H5N1 in Egypt
Kayali G et al.. Emerg Infect Dis 2016 · PMID 26886164 · DOI 10.3201/eid2203.150593 Narrativt reviewfuldtekst, struktureret vurdering af risiko for biasReview of H5N1 in Egypt.
- Faktisk resultat
- Enzootic H5N1/H9N2 in poultry; 292 confirmed human H5N1 cases reported (as recorded for I-CHK-10).
- Metodisk kvalitet
- moderate (surveillance review)
- Relevans
- direct
- Begrænsninger
- Up to 2014.
Egypt 2014-15: 165 human bird-flu cases, almost all after poultry contact
Refaey S et al.. Emerg Infect Dis 2015 · PMID 26584397 · DOI 10.3201/eid2112.150885 Caseserie / caserapportabstract kontrolleretnyligt tilføjetEgyptian surveillance 2014-15.
- Faktisk resultat
- 165 cases, 51 deaths; 99% poultry exposure (35% to dead poultry).
- Metodisk kvalitet
- moderate (national surveillance)
- Relevans
- direct
- Begrænsninger
- No control group.
Bird flu H7N9 from market poultry
Chen Y et al.. Lancet 2013 · PMID 23623390 · DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60903-4 Caseserie / caserapportfuldtekst, struktureret vurdering af risiko for biasH7N9 cases from wet-market poultry in China.
- Faktisk resultat
- All four with live-poultry contact; two died.
- Metodisk kvalitet
- low (case series)
- Relevans
- direct
- Begrænsninger
- Four cases.
Hvad taler imod påstanden?
Living near poultry farms was not linked to pneumonia in a later Dutch study
Post PM et al.. PLoS One 2019 · PMID 31609989 · DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0223601 Tværsnitsstudiefuldtekst kontrolleretnyligt tilføjetDutch replication study on pneumonia near farms.
- Faktisk resultat
- Poultry farm within 1000 m OR 1.02 (0.95-1.10); association 'not supported' in 2014-2016; goat farms confirmed.
- Metodisk kvalitet
- moderate (90,183 persons; no individual confounders)
- Relevans
- direct for the pneumonia sub-claim
- Begrænsninger
- Distance proxy for exposure.
WHO: bird flu comes from contact with infected birds, not from properly cooked chicken
World Health Organization. WHO fact sheet 2026 Retningslinje / holdningspapirfuldtekst kontrolleretnyligt tilføjetWHO avian influenza fact sheet.
- Faktisk resultat
- No evidence of transmission through properly prepared and cooked poultry or eggs.
- Metodisk kvalitet
- authoritative agency statement
- Relevans
- direct for the food route
- Begrænsninger
- Not quantitative.
Hvad siger den samlede evidens?
Redaktionel vurdering på grundlag af studierne ovenfor – ikke selv et studieresultat.
Hvilken position er bedst underbygget?
Live and dead infected poultry are a real source of avian influenza, with high case fatality in Egypt; the earlier pneumonia signal near Dutch poultry farms was not replicated; eating properly cooked chicken is not a route of infection.
Hvorfor nogle studier vejer tungere
Surveillance data and WHO statements are consistent for avian influenza; the pneumonia sub-claim rests on one study period that a larger confirmation study did not reproduce.
Er en årsagssammenhæng påvist? Ja, påvist Avian influenza transmission from infected birds is established by virology and epidemiology; pneumonia near poultry farms is not established.
Resterende usikkerhed
Respiratory effects of farm emissions (endotoxin, particulates) at close range.
Begrundet konklusion
Correct for live-bird exposure, especially in Egypt; weak for pneumonia near farms; not relevant to eating cooked chicken.
Hvorfor ser studierne ud til at være uenige?
Afhænger det af landet?
- Generelle biologiske virkninger
- Zoonotic virology universal.
- Spisevaner
- Home rearing and slaughter common in rural Egypt (I-CHK-139).
- Fødevarens oprindelse
- Not relevant to cooked meat.
- Forurenende stoffer
- Not applicable.
- Nationale produktionsforhold
- Egypt: H5N1/H9N2 enzootic; vaccination-only control failed (I-CHK-10).
- Retsregler
- EU: culling and movement restrictions.
- Faktiske overvågningsdata
- EU human cases rare; Egypt: substantial case numbers.
En regional forskel er understøttet af robuste data.
Statistisk genberegning
- Log-symmetry of ORs – Poultry 1000 m OR 1.02 (0.95-1.10): symmetric; consistent with no effect. genberegnet
- Case fatality – 51/165 = 30.9%. genberegnet
Sikkerheden af den samlede evidens (GRADE, forenklet)
- Primært effektmål
- Human avian influenza infection after poultry contact
- Udgangsniveau
- lav (observationsstudier)
- Grunde til opgradering
- large effect / consistent surveillance and virological evidence
- Resultat
- moderat
Forenklet vurdering ved én bedømmer efter GRADE-tilgangen; ikke et formelt GRADE-panel. GRADE vurderer den samlede evidens for ét effektmål, ikke enkelte studier.
Kontrollerede kliniske retningslinjer og officielle udtalelser
- WHO: Influenza (avian and other zoonotic) (fact sheet) (2026) · Original publikation
Main risk is exposure to live or dead infected birds, live bird markets and home slaughter; no evidence of transmission through properly prepared and cooked poultry or eggs.
Søgestrategi
Dokumenterede litteratursøgninger til denne gennemgang (søgestrenge i databasens originale syntaks).
| Database | Dato | Søgning | Søgt efter | Hits | Inkluderet |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe PMC | 26. oktober 2026 | (TITLE:H5N1) AND (TITLE:Egypt) AND (TITLE:"risk factors" OR TITLE:"human" OR TITLE:"case-control" OR TITLE:exposure) | understøttende evidens | 15 | |
| PubMed | 26. oktober 2026 | (pneumonia[ti] OR respiratory[ti]) AND (poultry farm*[tiab] OR livestock farm*[tiab]) AND (residents[tiab] OR living near[tiab]) AND Netherlands | begge retninger | 15 | |
| PubMed | 26. oktober 2026 | (quail*[tiab] OR pigeon*[tiab]) AND Egypt*[tiab] AND (salmonella[tiab] OR antibiotic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial*[tiab] OR residue*[tiab] OR "avian influenza"[tiab]) | understøttende evidens | 34 | |
| WHO website | 26. oktober 2026 | fact sheet: Influenza (avian and other zoonotic) | retningslinjer | 1 |
Åbne spørgsmål
Respiratory effects of emissions from large poultry farms in Egypt.
Hvor grundigt blev dette kontrolleret?
8 tilknyttede studier: 5 kontrolleret i fuldtekst (heraf 3 med en struktureret vurdering af risiko for bias), 3 på grundlag af abstractet, 0 kun bibliografisk. Der har endnu ikke fundet en formel vurdering med to uafhængige bedømmere sted, og heller ingen uafhængig menneskelig ekspertgennemgang.
Seneste videnskabelige gennemgang: 26. oktober 2026
Vurderingens historik
- 25. oktober 2026 · Fase 1 · Første vurdering: Overvejende sand (moderat)
- 26. oktober 2026 · Fase 4 (systematisk evidensgennemgang) · Undersøgt igen med udvidet evidens; vurdering uændret: Overvejende sand (moderat)
Avian influenza part strengthened (Egyptian surveillance, WHO 2026). Pneumonia sub-claim weakened by a non-replication (I-CHK-137); the review text is updated. Overall verdict unchanged.
Nye kilder: I-CHK-135 I-CHK-136 I-CHK-137 I-CHK-138 I-CHK-139
På almindeligt sprog
Nogle studier, som arkivet nævner, viser, at fugleinfluenza kan overføres fra levende fjerkræ til mennesker, og at personer, der boede meget tæt på fjerkræfarme i Holland, havde lidt mere lungebetændelse. I Egypten er fugleinfluenza almindelig i fjerkræ og har smittet mennesker, for det meste personer, der holder eller slagter fugle derhjemme. Disse risici skyldes kontakt med levende fugle, ikke at man spiser gennemstegt kylling.
Studier om denne påstand
Studier, der understøtter påstanden (6)
-
Bird flu H7N9 from market poultry
Chen Y et al.. Lancet 2013 · PMID 23623390 · DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60903-4Caseserie / caserapportciteret af Tayebat-arkivetfuldtekst, struktureret vurdering af risiko for biasFour patients caught H7N9 after contact with live poultry; two died.
Poultry production is a source of zoonotic avian influenza and respiratory risks for people (H7N9 from wet-market poultry; pneumonia near poultry farms).
Understøtter studiet den konkrete påstand? Delvist · Metodisk kvalitet: moderat · Evidensens sikkerhed: se den samlede vurdering af påstanden
Original publikation · Videnskabelige detaljer
Studiet forklaret enkelt
- Hvad ville forskerne finde ud af?
What are the clinical and viral features of human H7N9 infection linked to wet-market poultry?
- Hvordan blev studiet udført?
Clinical case series with viral genome characterisation of human and market-poultry isolates
- Hvor mange mennesker, dyr eller prøver blev undersøgt?
4 patients; 86 birds; Four hospitalised patients; 86 birds sampled
- Hvad blev der faktisk fundet?
All four had contact with live market poultry; two died; the human virus was almost identical to a market chicken virus; 20% of sampled chickens carried H7N9; no infections among 385 contacts.
- Hvor stor var den observerede effekt?
Descriptive
- Hvad betyder resultaterne i hverdagen?
Avoid contact with live birds in markets during outbreaks.
- Hvilke begrænsninger har studiet?
Four patients
- Hvad siger det om Elawadys konkrete påstand?
Relevant to contact, not eating.
- Gælder resultaterne for Tyskland og Europa?
Low (no wet markets of this type).
- Hvad kan der udtrykkeligt ikke sluttes af dette studie?
Cannot show risk from cooked chicken.
-
Pneumonia near Dutch poultry farms
Smit LAM et al.. Pneumonia (Nathan) 2017 · PMID 28702305 · DOI 10.1186/s41479-017-0027-0Tværsnitsstudieciteret af Tayebat-arkivetfuldtekst, struktureret vurdering af risiko for biasPeople living within about 1 km of poultry farms had 11% more pneumonia.
Poultry production is a source of zoonotic avian influenza and respiratory risks for people (H7N9 from wet-market poultry; pneumonia near poultry farms).
Understøtter studiet den konkrete påstand? Delvist · Metodisk kvalitet: moderat · Evidensens sikkerhed: se den samlede vurdering af påstanden
Original publikation · Videnskabelige detaljer
Studiet forklaret enkelt
- Hvad ville forskerne finde ud af?
Is living near poultry farms associated with pneumonia and altered upper-airway microbiota?
- Hvordan blev studiet udført?
Spatial analysis of GP records plus microbiota analysis in hospitalised CAP patients
- Hvor mange mennesker, dyr eller prøver blev undersøgt?
92,548; 126; 92,548 GP patients; 126 hospitalised CAP patients
- Hvad blev der faktisk fundet?
About 1 extra pneumonia per 1,000 people per year for each poultry farm within about 1 km (background 9 per 1,000), roughly 11% more; throat-bacteria differences were borderline and not significant after correction for multiple tests.
- Hvor stor var den observerede effekt?
Kernel model; PERMANOVA
- Hvad betyder resultaterne i hverdagen?
Farm emissions may affect neighbours.
- Hvilke begrænsninger har studiet?
No adjustment for smoking or other confounders in the main model; distance as exposure proxy; small microbiota study without healthy controls; single year.
- Hvad siger det om Elawadys konkrete påstand?
Not about eating chicken.
- Gælder resultaterne for Tyskland og Europa?
High (EU).
- Hvad kan der udtrykkeligt ikke sluttes af dette studie?
Cannot show dietary risk or that farm emissions cause pneumonia.
-
Bird flu H5N1 in Egypt
Kayali G et al.. Emerg Infect Dis 2016 · PMID 26886164 · DOI 10.3201/eid2203.150593Narrativt reviewuafhængig krydstjekfuldtekst, struktureret vurdering af risiko for biasBird flu is established in Egyptian poultry and has caused many human infections.
Poultry production is a source of zoonotic avian influenza and respiratory risks for people (H7N9 from wet-market poultry; pneumonia near poultry farms).
Understøtter studiet den konkrete påstand? Delvist · Metodisk kvalitet: moderat · Evidensens sikkerhed: se den samlede vurdering af påstanden
Original publikation · Videnskabelige detaljer
Studiet forklaret enkelt
- Hvad ville forskerne finde ud af?
Epidemiology of H5N1 in Egyptian poultry and humans
- Hvordan blev studiet udført?
Surveillance review
- Hvor mange mennesker, dyr eller prøver blev undersøgt?
7,907 poultry samples (2013-2014) plus national human case data (292 cases 2006-2015)
- Hvad blev der faktisk fundet?
About 5% of sampled poultry carried avian influenza (winter peaks over 20%); abattoir samples were negative; 292 human H5N1 cases with 34% fatality, mostly after contact with backyard poultry, breeding or slaughtering birds.
- Hvor stor var den observerede effekt?
Descriptive
- Hvad betyder resultaterne i hverdagen?
Avoid handling sick birds; hygiene when slaughtering at home.
- Hvilke begrænsninger har studiet?
Non-random sampling; official human case counts underestimate infections; narrative synthesis.
- Hvad siger det om Elawadys konkrete påstand?
Supports contact risk.
- Gælder resultaterne for Tyskland og Europa?
Low.
- Hvad kan der udtrykkeligt ikke sluttes af dette studie?
Not about eating cooked chicken.
-
Egypt 2014-15: 165 human bird-flu cases, almost all after poultry contact
Refaey S et al.. Emerg Infect Dis 2015 · PMID 26584397 · DOI 10.3201/eid2112.150885Caseserie / caserapportuafhængig krydstjekabstract kontrolleret99% of 165 Egyptian cases had contact with poultry; 51 died.
Almost all Egyptian H5N1 cases had poultry exposure; nearly a third died.
Understøtter studiet den konkrete påstand? Ja · Metodisk kvalitet: moderat · Evidensens sikkerhed: se den samlede vurdering af påstanden
Original publikation · Videnskabelige detaljer
Studiet forklaret enkelt
- Hvad ville forskerne finde ud af?
What were the characteristics and exposures of human H5N1 cases in Egypt in 2014-15?
- Hvordan blev studiet udført?
Surveillance case series
- Hvor mange mennesker, dyr eller prøver blev undersøgt?
165 cases
- Hvad blev der faktisk fundet?
165 cases incl. 6 clusters and 51 deaths; 99% reported poultry exposure (19% to ill poultry, 35% to dead poultry); only 1 person reported wearing personal protective equipment while working with poultry.
- Hvor stor var den observerede effekt?
165 cases incl. 6 clusters and 51 deaths; 99% reported poultry exposure (19% to ill poultry, 35% to dead poultry); only 1 person reported wearing personal protective equipment while working with poultry.
- Hvad betyder resultaterne i hverdagen?
Contact with sick or dead household poultry was the danger.
- Hvilke begrænsninger har studiet?
Descriptive; no control group
- Hvad siger det om Elawadys konkrete påstand?
Supports the zoonosis part for Egypt.
- Gælder resultaterne for Tyskland og Europa?
EU human cases are rare.
- Hvad kan der udtrykkeligt ikke sluttes af dette studie?
Does not concern eating cooked chicken.
-
Home slaughter of poultry exposes Egyptian families to bird flu
Lohiniva AL et al.. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013 · PMID 23145955 · DOI 10.1111/irv.12023Andetuafhængig krydstjekabstract kontrolleretObservations in 56 rural households showed close contact with birds and home slaughter without protection.
Home rearing and slaughter of poultry in Egypt create exposure to H5N1.
Understøtter studiet den konkrete påstand? Delvist · Metodisk kvalitet: moderat · Evidensens sikkerhed: se den samlede vurdering af påstanden
Original publikation · Videnskabelige detaljer
Studiet forklaret enkelt
- Hvad ville forskerne finde ud af?
Which household poultry practices expose people in rural Egypt to H5N1?
- Hvordan blev studiet udført?
Qualitative observational study (structured observation, in-depth interviews)
- Hvor mange mennesker, dyr eller prøver blev undersøgt?
56 households (19 with human cases, 19 with poultry cases, 18 without)
- Hvad blev der faktisk fundet?
Half of households kept free-range poultry and mixed species; feeding and cleaning exposed children; home slaughter contaminated homes; protective barriers were not a norm; slaughter waste and dead chickens exposed communities; sick/dead poultry not reported; only minor changes after outbreaks.
- Hvor stor var den observerede effekt?
Half of households kept free-range poultry and mixed species; feeding and cleaning exposed children; home slaughter contaminated homes; protective barriers were not a norm; slaughter waste and dead chickens exposed communities; sick/dead poultry not reported; only minor changes after outbreaks.
- Hvad betyder resultaterne i hverdagen?
The risk lies in handling and slaughtering live birds at home.
- Hvilke begrænsninger har studiet?
Qualitative; small
- Hvad siger det om Elawadys konkrete påstand?
Supports the zoonosis risk; locates it in handling, not eating.
- Gælder resultaterne for Tyskland og Europa?
Not EU.
- Hvad kan der udtrykkeligt ikke sluttes af dette studie?
No quantitative risk estimate.
-
Egyptian pigeons can catch and spread bird flu
Mansour SM et al.. Avian Pathol 2014 · PMID 24861170 · DOI 10.1080/03079457.2014.926002Udbrudsrapportuafhængig krydstjekabstract kontrolleretAn outbreak killed half of a pigeon flock; pigeons shed H5N1 virus.
Avian influenza risk in Egypt also involves pigeons, not only chicken production.
Understøtter studiet den konkrete påstand? Nej · Metodisk kvalitet: lav · Evidensens sikkerhed: se den samlede vurdering af påstanden
Original publikation · Videnskabelige detaljer
Studiet forklaret enkelt
- Hvad ville forskerne finde ud af?
Are domestic pigeons susceptible to HPAI H5N1 in Egypt?
- Hvordan blev studiet udført?
Outbreak investigation plus experimental infection
- Hvor mange mennesker, dyr eller prøver blev undersøgt?
outbreak flock; experimental 6-week-old pigeons
- Hvad blev der faktisk fundet?
Outbreak in domestic pigeons with 50% mortality; H5N1 clade 2.2.1/C isolated. Experimental oronasal inoculation: 30% showed signs, 10% mortality; infected and contact pigeons shed virus via oropharynx and cloaca.
- Hvor stor var den observerede effekt?
Outbreak in domestic pigeons with 50% mortality; H5N1 clade 2.2.1/C isolated. Experimental oronasal inoculation: 30% showed signs, 10% mortality; infected and contact pigeons shed virus via oropharynx and cloaca.
- Hvad betyder resultaterne i hverdagen?
Pigeons kept at home carry the same bird-flu risk when handled alive.
- Hvilke begrænsninger har studiet?
Single outbreak
- Hvad siger det om Elawadys konkrete påstand?
Undermines the 'flying birds are safer' criterion.
- Gælder resultaterne for Tyskland og Europa?
Not EU data.
- Hvad kan der udtrykkeligt ikke sluttes af dette studie?
No human cases traced to pigeons here.
Intet studie i denne gruppe er markeret som nøglestudie.
Studier, der modsiger eller begrænser påstanden (1)
-
Living near poultry farms was not linked to pneumonia in a later Dutch study
Post PM et al.. PLoS One 2019 · PMID 31609989 · DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0223601Tværsnitsstudieuafhængig krydstjekfuldtekst kontrolleret★ nøglestudieIn 90,183 residents, living near poultry farms was not linked to pneumonia in 2014-2016; living near goat farms was.
The earlier association between living near poultry farms and pneumonia was not confirmed in 2014-2016.
Understøtter studiet den konkrete påstand? Nej · Metodisk kvalitet: moderat · Evidensens sikkerhed: se den samlede vurdering af påstanden
Original publikation · Videnskabelige detaljer
Studiet forklaret enkelt
- Hvad ville forskerne finde ud af?
Is the earlier association between pneumonia and proximity to goat and poultry farms confirmed in 2014-2016?
- Hvordan blev studiet udført?
Population-based study of GP electronic medical records with several regression and kernel models
- Hvor mange mennesker, dyr eller prøver blev undersøgt?
90,183 persons
- Hvad blev der faktisk fundet?
Adults, single-level regression: poultry farm within 500 m OR 1.03 (0.92-1.16), within 1000 m OR 1.02 (0.95-1.10); goat farm within 500 m OR 1.60 (1.25-2.03). Kernel analysis: poultry farms 0.6% risk increase in 2014 only; goat farms PAR 6.0-7.8%. Authors: 'associations with proximity to poultry farms are not supported by the present study'. Limitations: no data on smoking or socioeconomic status; exposure by distance only. Funded by Dutch Ministries of Health and Agriculture.
- Hvor stor var den observerede effekt?
Adults, single-level regression: poultry farm within 500 m OR 1.03 (0.92-1.16), within 1000 m OR 1.02 (0.95-1.10); goat farm within 500 m OR 1.60 (1.25-2.03). Kernel analysis: poultry farms 0.6% risk increase in 2014 only; goat farms PAR 6.0-7.8%. Authors: 'associations with proximity to poultry farms are not supported by the present study'. Limitations: no data on smoking or socioeconomic status; exposure by distance only. Funded by Dutch Ministries of Health and Agriculture.
- Hvad betyder resultaterne i hverdagen?
The pneumonia risk near poultry farms seen earlier was not confirmed.
- Hvilke begrænsninger har studiet?
No individual confounder data (smoking, SES); Distance as exposure proxy
- Hvad siger det om Elawadys konkrete påstand?
Weakens the respiratory-risk part of the claim; does not affect avian influenza.
- Gælder resultaterne for Tyskland og Europa?
Netherlands (EU).
- Hvad kan der udtrykkeligt ikke sluttes af dette studie?
Cannot rule out small effects or effects near very large farms.
Intet studie i denne gruppe er markeret som nøglestudie.
Studier med blandede eller uklare resultater (1)
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WHO: bird flu comes from contact with infected birds, not from properly cooked chicken
World Health Organization. WHO fact sheet 2026Retningslinje / holdningspapiruafhængig krydstjekfuldtekst kontrolleret★ nøglestudieWHO says infection comes from contact with live or dead infected birds and home slaughter; there is no evidence of spread through properly cooked poultry.
Confirms poultry as a zoonotic influenza source via live/dead bird contact and home slaughter; no evidence of transmission through properly cooked poultry.
Understøtter studiet den konkrete påstand? Delvist · Metodisk kvalitet: moderat · Evidensens sikkerhed: se den samlede vurdering af påstanden
Original publikation · Videnskabelige detaljer
Studiet forklaret enkelt
- Hvad ville forskerne finde ud af?
How do humans become infected with avian influenza and how is it prevented?
- Hvordan blev studiet udført?
Agency fact sheet
- Hvor mange mennesker, dyr eller prøver blev undersøgt?
not applicable
- Hvad blev der faktisk fundet?
Primary risk factor 'appears to be exposure to live or dead infected animals or contaminated environments, such as live bird markets. Handling carcasses of infected poultry, and preparing infected poultry for consumption, especially in household settings, are also risk factors.' 'There is no evidence to suggest that A(H5), A(H7N9) or other avian influenza viruses can be transmitted to humans through properly prepared and cooked poultry or eggs.' Advice: cook animal products properly; do not eat animals that died unexpectedly; avoid live poultry markets in affected areas.
- Hvor stor var den observerede effekt?
Primary risk factor 'appears to be exposure to live or dead infected animals or contaminated environments, such as live bird markets. Handling carcasses of infected poultry, and preparing infected poultry for consumption, especially in household settings, are also risk factors.' 'There is no evidence to suggest that A(H5), A(H7N9) or other avian influenza viruses can be transmitted to humans through properly prepared and cooked poultry or eggs.' Advice: cook animal products properly; do not eat animals that died unexpectedly; avoid live poultry markets in affected areas.
- Hvad betyder resultaterne i hverdagen?
Avoid touching sick or dead birds; cooked chicken is not a bird-flu risk.
- Hvilke begrænsninger har studiet?
Fact sheet
- Hvad siger det om Elawadys konkrete påstand?
Supports the zoonosis part; limits any inference to eating chicken.
- Gælder resultaterne for Tyskland og Europa?
Global.
- Hvad kan der udtrykkeligt ikke sluttes af dette studie?
Not quantitative.
Intet studie i denne gruppe er markeret som nøglestudie.
Regional kontekst
Tyskland / EU
Avian influenza outbreaks in EU poultry are controlled by culling and movement restrictions; human infections in the EU are rare.
Egypten
Egypt has had a substantial number of human H5N1 cases, mostly linked to backyard poultry; handling and slaughtering live birds at home is a key risk.
- Antibiotic (veterinary drug) residues in poultry meat and eggs
- Antimicrobial use in food animals and antibiotic growth promoters
- Hormones in poultry, meat, milk and farmed fish
- Salmonella in laying hens, eggs and broiler chicken
- Import controls and the meaning of RASFF notifications for Egyptian products
Hvad gælder i mit land?
Generel videnskabelig vurdering
Overvejende sand Kontakt med levende eller døde smittede fugle kan overføre fugleinfluenza, en reel risiko i Egypten; sammenhængen med lungebetændelse nær fjerkræfarme blev ikke bekræftet, og tilberedt kylling overfører ikke fugleinfluenza.
Følgende områder af fødevaresikkerheden er relevante for dette udsagn:
- Veterinærlægemidler og antibiotika
- Hormonelle vækstfremmere
- Forurenende stoffer (tungmetaller, PFAS, PCB, dioxiner, nitrat)
- Sygdomsfremkaldende mikroorganismer (Salmonella, Campylobacter m.fl.)
- Dyrehold og foder
- Kontrol, import, tilbagekaldelser, mærkning
Fjerkræ
Vælg et land for at se de kontrollerede oplysninger for det.
Begrænsninger: retsregler beskriver, hvad der er tilladt, ikke hvad hver enkelt fødevare indeholder. Måledata stammer fra prøver og er kun meningsfulde sammen med deres metodeoplysninger.
Referencer
- Human infections with the emerging avian influenza A H7N9 virus from wet market poultry: clinical analysis and characterisation of viral genome.. Chen Y et al.. Lancet 2013 · PMID 23623390 · DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60903-4
- Increased risk of pneumonia in residents living near poultry farms: does the upper respiratory tract microbiota play a role?. Smit LAM et al.. Pneumonia (Nathan) 2017 · PMID 28702305 · DOI 10.1186/s41479-017-0027-0
- Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Egypt.. Kayali G et al.. Emerg Infect Dis 2016 · PMID 26886164 · DOI 10.3201/eid2203.150593
- Increased Number of Human Cases of Influenza Virus A(H5N1) Infection, Egypt, 2014-15.. Refaey S et al.. Emerg Infect Dis 2015 · PMID 26584397 · DOI 10.3201/eid2112.150885
- Poultry rearing and slaughtering practices in rural Egypt: an exploration of risk factors for H5N1 virus human transmission.. Lohiniva AL et al.. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013 · PMID 23145955 · DOI 10.1111/irv.12023
- Natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Egypt.. Mansour SM et al.. Avian Pathol 2014 · PMID 24861170 · DOI 10.1080/03079457.2014.926002
- Risk of pneumonia among residents living near goat and poultry farms during 2014-2016.. Post PM et al.. PLoS One 2019 · PMID 31609989 · DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0223601
- WHO fact sheet: Influenza (avian and other zoonotic) (21 January 2026). World Health Organization. WHO fact sheet 2026