Cohort studycited by the Tayebat archiveabstract only checked A-WHT-10 standard review
White bread and overweight in Spain
Glycemic load, glycemic index, bread and incidence of overweight/obesity in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN project.
Overview
de la Fuente-Arrillaga C et al.. BMC Public Health 2014 · PMID 25335643 · DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1091
2+ portions/day white bread linked to 40% higher odds of becoming overweight, but not to yearly weight gain.
Does the study support the specific claim? Partly · Methodological quality: moderate
Plain-language summary
Study explained simply
- What did the researchers want to find out?
Bread and weight
- How was the study done?
Cohort
- How many people, animals or samples were studied?
9267 graduates
- What was actually found?
Mixed
- How large was the observed effect?
OR 1.40
- What do the results mean in everyday life?
Unclear
- What are the study's limitations?
Selected population
- What does it say about Elawady's specific claim?
Weak support
- Do the results apply to Germany and Europe?
High
- What can explicitly not be concluded from this study?
Cause
Scientific in-depth review
1. Full reference
- Authors
- de la Fuente-Arrillaga C, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Zazpe I, Vazquez-Ruiz Z, Benito-Corchon S, Bes-Rastrollo M
- Journal
- BMC Public Health
- Year
- 2014
- Identifier
- PMID 25335643 DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1091 · PMC4213465
- Verification
- verified – PubMed E-utilities efetch, 2026-10-25
- Retracted
- no
- Corrections
- none
- Extent checked
- abstract only
- Conflicts of interest and funding
None stated.
2. Research question
Bread, GI, GL and weight
3. Study design and population
- Study design
- Cohort study – Prospective cohort
- Population
9267 Spanish university graduates
- Country
Spain
- Period
mean 5 y
- Sample size
9267
4. Methods and endpoints
- Exposure / intervention
White and whole-grain bread; GI; GL
- Comparator
>=2 portions/day vs <=1 portion/week
- Endpoints
Weight change; incident overweight/obesity
- Statistical methods
Logistic/linear models
5. Actual results
- Results
White and whole-grain bread not associated with weight gain; GI/GL not associated with weight change. White bread >=2 portions/day: OR 1.40 (1.08-1.81) for becoming overweight/obese. No association for whole-grain bread, GI or GL.
- Absolute risks
not reported
- Authors' conclusion
White bread >=2 portions/day directly associated with risk of overweight/obesity.
6. Strengths
- European cohort
7. Weaknesses
- Graduates only
- Mixed results
8. Risk of bias
- Orienting tool
- ROBINS-E
- Type of assessment
- simplified assessment (abstract only)
- Full formal assessment
- no
- Overall risk of bias
- some concerns
9. Assessment of the statistical interpretation
Single significant finding among several null results.
10. Relevance to the specific claim
Mixed for C-WHT-06.
11. Independent contrary findings
12. Transferability to Germany and Europe
High (Spain).
13. Overall methodological judgement
Mixed.
| Multidimensional assessment | |
|---|---|
| Authenticity of the source | verified |
| Methodological quality | moderate |
| Risk of bias | some concerns |
| Precision of results | moderate |
| Directness | direct |
| Reproducibility | unknown |
| Consistency with the overall evidence | mixed |
| Regional transferability | high |
| Adequacy of the interpretation (by the archive) | not applicable |
14. Open questions
15. Linked fact checks
- Refined-grain eaters carry more visceral fat and are more prone to obesity and metabolic syndrome. – Studies supporting the claim
Use by the Tayebat archive
Note: according to the archive, the studies were compiled by the archive operators. Whether Dr. Elawady himself cited this study is not established.
- What the archive says about the study
Listed in bibliography only.
- B. What did the authors find?
Mixed.
- E. Is this derivation scientifically justified?
Mixed; no association with weight gain, which the archive does not mention.
- Adequacy of the interpretation (by the archive)
- not applicable