约80-85%的鸡被沙门氏菌污染，即使采用最干净的屠宰方法也是如此（血液已被污染）。
原始表述
مع اطهر وسائل الذبح للفراخ دمها بيتلو بالسالمونيلا ... فيها سالمونيلا كاونت اعلى من الطبيعي كام في الم ب نسبه 80 85% من الفراخ
按来源为原话. 译文由本项目提供；以阿拉伯语原文为准。
译文
约80-85%的鸡被沙门氏菌污染，即使采用最干净的屠宰方法也是如此（血液已被污染）。
出处
- 来源状态
- 视频转录文本（本人原话）
- 归属
- Elawady (machine transcript)
- 视频
- Dr.D Clinics - Diaa Al Awady is live! (打开来源)
- 发布日期
- 2025年3月16日
- 时间戳
- 无（转录文本不含时间信息）
- 归属的不确定性
- Archive transcript (YouTube CC or AI-generated); wording may contain transcription errors; no timestamps available.
- 所声称的健康影响
Salmonellosis.
- 涉及人群
general population (not specified)
- Elawady 设定的地域限制
none found
来源版本存在差异
- 来源状态
- 视频转录文本（本人原话）
- 归属
- Elawady (machine transcript)
- 视频
- ارتفاع السكر والأسيتون ؟خطر والا ده الطبيعي ؟#ضياء_العوضي (打开来源)
- 发布日期
- 2025年12月23日
- 时间戳
- 无（转录文本不含时间信息）
- 归属的不确定性
- Archive transcript (YouTube CC or AI-generated); wording may contain transcription errors; no timestamps available.
科学评估
基本错误 – 该说法的主要部分没有证据支持，或被严重夸大。
证据确定性: 中 – 进一步研究仍可能影响该评估。
1. 说法是什么？
80-85% of chickens carry Salmonella.
2. 哪些内容可证实是正确的？
Salmonella is a common contaminant of raw poultry; poultry and eggs are major sources of human salmonellosis.
3. 哪些内容是错误或夸大的？
The 80-85% figure is far above EU monitoring (4.9% of fresh broiler meat samples in 2024; I-EGG-14) and above every Egyptian study reviewed: 16% of whole carcasses and 34% of all samples in Mansoura (I-CHK-124), 18% of native chicken carcasses in Mansoura (I-CHK-125), 33.3% of carcass samples in Alexandria (I-CHK-123) and 28.6% of mixed samples in Sharkia (I-CHK-09). Only offal reached 60% (livers and gizzards). US in-plant testing during a large outbreak found 1-26% (A-CHK-17). 'Contaminated blood' is not how carcass contamination is described in these sources.
4. 哪些内容仍不明确？
Prevalence in Egyptian retail chicken nationally. In the transcript (video cLSJ-kjyBE4) he names Salmonella explicitly and attributes the number to others ('they said it'). A figure of this size exists for a different pathogen: in the 2008 EU baseline survey, 75.8% of broiler carcasses were contaminated with Campylobacter (Member-State range 4.9-100%) (I-CHK-05). Whether he confused the two pathogens cannot be determined.
5. 哪些研究支持该说法？
None for the number.
6. 哪些研究与该说法相矛盾？
I-EGG-14 (EU 2024), I-CHK-09, I-CHK-123, I-CHK-124, I-CHK-125 (Egypt, 16-34% for carcasses), A-CHK-17 (US 1-26%).
7. 对德国和欧洲而言情况如何？
EU 2024: 4.9% of fresh broiler meat samples Salmonella-positive; Salmonella process hygiene criteria and flock reduction targets apply.
8. 关于埃及的已知情况是什么？
Local studies found Salmonella in 16-34% of retail chicken carcass samples (Sharkia, Alexandria, Mansoura) and up to 60% of livers and gizzards; most isolates were multidrug resistant. One supermarket in Alexandria was negative (I-CHK-123). No national data exist.
9. 合理的实际结论是什么？
在欧盟，生鸡肉上的沙门氏菌是一种真实存在的风险，但远没有所说的那么常见；彻底烹饪和防止交叉污染是有效的。
评估详情
- 证据确定性的依据
EU official monitoring 2024: 4.9% of 'fresh meat from broilers' samples (N = 95,954) Salmonella-positive. Egyptian studies report higher prevalence (120/420 = 28.6% of mixed farm and carcass samples in one province), but no source for 80-85% was found. The figure is not attributed to a specific study in the transcript.
- 来源质量
Own words (machine transcript); unsourced number ('هم اللي قالوا').
- 地区可推广性
Strongly country-dependent.
- 个体例外情况
Not applicable.
- 说法的地域范围
- 未说明
- 最近审核
- 2026年10月26日 初步
科学证据详解
已被科学证据否定 – 高质量证据显示情况恰恰相反，或该说法与已确立的生理学知识相矛盾。
研究问题: What proportion of chickens/chicken carcasses on the market are contaminated with Salmonella (EU and Egypt), and is it about 80-85%?
研究问题详解 (PECO)
- 人群
- Broiler chickens and retail chicken meat
- 干预或暴露
- Market/slaughter chain
- 对照
- Claimed 80-85%
- 地域范围
- production-dependent (EU monitoring vs Egyptian local studies)
- 结局指标
- Salmonella prevalence in carcasses/meat
研究结果按作者报告呈现。我们的评估见下文。
哪些证据支持该说法？
未发现支持该说法的高质量证据。
哪些证据不支持该说法？
EU zoonoses report 2024
EU One Health Zoonoses Report 2024.
- 实际结果
- 4.9% of 95,954 fresh broiler meat units Salmonella-positive; broiler flocks 4.3% (target serovars 0.29%).
- 方法学质量
- high (official EU monitoring; mixed sampling designs)
- 相关性
- direct for the EU
- 局限
- Not a harmonised retail survey.
Salmonella in 16% of whole chickens and 60% of gizzards in Mansoura
Abd-Elghany SM et al.. Epidemiol Infect 2015 · PMID 25004116 · DOI 10.1017/S0950268814001708 横断面研究已核查摘要新增Mansoura retail survey.
- 实际结果
- Whole carcasses 16% (8/50), drumsticks 28%, livers 32%, gizzards 60%; overall 34% (68/200).
- 方法学质量
- low (convenience sample)
- 相关性
- direct for Egypt
- 局限
- One city.
A third of market chicken in Alexandria carried Salmonella
Barac D et al.. Indian J Microbiol 2024 · PMID 39678989 · DOI 10.1007/s12088-024-01210-z 横断面研究已核查摘要新增Alexandria retail survey.
- 实际结果
- Carcasses 33.3% (n = 60); liver and gizzard 60% each; one supermarket negative.
- 方法学质量
- low (n = 60)
- 相关性
- direct for Egypt
- 局限
- Small sample.
总体证据说明了什么？
基于上述研究的编辑评估——其本身并非研究结果。
哪种观点有更好的证据支持？
Salmonella is found on a minority of chickens: about 5% of fresh broiler meat samples in the EU and roughly 16-34% of retail carcass samples in local Egyptian studies; 80-85% is not supported anywhere.
为什么有些研究权重更大
EU monitoring is large and official; Egyptian studies are small but consistent with each other; no study approaches 80-85% for whole carcasses.
因果关系是否已确立？ 不适用 Prevalence question.
仍存在的不确定性
National Egyptian prevalence; offal (liver/gizzard) can reach 60%.
合理的结论
The 80-85% figure is wrong; contamination is real and higher in Egyptian markets than in the EU.
为什么研究结果看起来互相矛盾？
Offal figures (60% gizzards/liver in Egypt) are higher than carcass figures and could be confused with whole-bird prevalence; the figure is also close to EU Campylobacter carcass prevalence in 2008 (75.8%, I-CHK-05), a different pathogen.
这是否取决于国家？
- 一般生物学效应
- Salmonella colonisation of poultry is universal.
- 饮食习惯
- Purchase of live-slaughtered market chicken vs supermarket chicken affects contamination (I-CHK-123).
- 食品原产地
- Egyptian market chicken more contaminated than EU chicken in available data.
- 污染物
- Not applicable.
- 本国生产条件
- Egypt: no national flock control programme with published results (the project's research files).
- 法律规则
- EU: Reg. 2160/2003 targets, Reg. 2073/2005 criteria; Egypt: NFSA Decision 1/2021 requires Salmonella absent in 25 g.
- 实际监测数据
- EU: official data; Egypt: local studies only.
地区差异有可靠数据支持。
统计复核
- Wilson 95% CIs of reported prevalences vs 80% – All upper CI limits are below 80% (highest: gizzards 60%, CI 46.2-72.4). 已重新计算
总体证据的确定性（GRADE，简化版）
- 主要结局
- Salmonella prevalence on chicken carcasses
- 起始等级
- 高（随机试验）
- 降级理由
- indirectness for Egypt: local convenience samples
- 结果
- 中
由单名审查者参照 GRADE 方法进行的简化评估；并非正式的 GRADE 专家组评估。GRADE 评价的是针对某一结局的整体证据，而非单项研究。
已核查的临床指南和官方声明
- EFSA/ECDC: The European Union One Health 2024 Zoonoses Report (existing study I-EGG-14) (2025) · 原始文献
Campylobacteriosis 63.7% of reported zoonosis cases; broiler meat most often implicated in strong-evidence Campylobacter outbreaks; 4.9% of fresh broiler meat units Salmonella-positive.
检索策略
本次审查的文献检索记录（检索式采用原数据库语法）。
| 数据库 | 日期 | 检索式 | 检索目标 | 命中数 | 纳入数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PubMed | 2026年10月26日 | salmonella[ti] AND (chicken meat[tiab] OR retail chicken[tiab] OR broiler carcass*[tiab]) AND Egypt[tiab] AND prevalence[tiab] | 双向 | 2 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | TITLE:salmonella AND (TITLE:Egypt OR TITLE:Africa OR TITLE:"Middle East" OR TITLE:global) AND (TITLE:"meta-analysis") AND (TITLE:poultry OR TITLE:chicken OR TITLE:broiler) | 支持性证据 | 0 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | (salmonella) AND (poultry OR chicken OR broiler) AND ("meta-analysis" OR "systematic review") AND (prevalence) AND (Africa OR Egypt OR "low- and middle-income" OR worldwide OR global) | 支持性证据 | 1692 | |
| the project's research files (EG microbiology, RS-EG-44) then PubMed efetch | 2026年10月26日 | Egyptian retail Salmonella studies registered by the country team | 双向 | 4 |
待解决的问题
Representative Egyptian retail survey.
核查深度如何？
7 项相关研究：4 项核查了全文（其中 3 项进行了结构化偏倚风险评估），3 项基于摘要核查，0 项仅核查了文献信息。 尚未进行由两名独立审查者完成的正式评估，也尚未进行独立的人类专家审核。
最近一次科学审核: 2026年10月26日
评定结论的变更历史
- 2026年10月25日 · 第 1 阶段 · 初始评估: 基本错误 (中)
- 2026年10月26日 · 第 4 阶段（系统证据审查） · 在扩展证据后重新审查；评定结论不变: 基本错误 (中)
Three further Egyptian studies (16-34% for carcasses) confirm that the figure is far too high; the claim keeps MOSTLY_FALSE because Salmonella contamination itself is real. Bottom line sharpened.
新来源: I-CHK-123 I-CHK-124 I-CHK-125
通俗解释
Elawady 医生说，80%至85%的鸡带有沙门氏菌。在欧盟，2024年的官方检测在每100份新鲜鸡肉样品中约有5份检出沙门氏菌。埃及一个省份的研究在来自养殖场和鸡胴体的每100份样品中约有29份检出——比欧洲高，但远低于他所说的数字。把鸡肉彻底煮熟能杀死沙门氏菌。
与该说法相关的研究
支持该说法的研究 (0)
该组中没有研究。
与该说法相矛盾或限制该说法的研究 (6)
-
EU zoonoses report 2024
EFSA, ECDC. EFSA J 2025 · PMID 41377167 · DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9759其他独立交叉核查已核查全文★ 关键研究Campylobacter and Salmonella are the most common food-borne infections in the EU; about 5% of fresh chicken samples and 0.3% of egg samples had Salmonella.
About 80-85% of chickens are contaminated with Salmonella, even with the cleanest slaughter methods (the blood is contaminated).
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 高 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Occurrence of zoonoses and zoonotic agents in humans, food, animals and feed in the EU, 2024
- 研究是如何开展的？
EU surveillance report under Zoonoses Directive 2003/99/EC
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
e.g., 95,954 fresh broiler meat samples; 12,327 egg samples; 27 EU Member States, UK (NI), 8 non-MS
- 实际发现了什么？
Campylobacteriosis 63.7% of confirmed zoonosis cases, salmonellosis second. Salmonella-positive: fresh meat from broilers 4.9%, turkeys 4.7%, eggs and egg products 0.31%. Adult laying-hen flock Salmonella prevalence 4.0%, target serovars 1.6%. Salmonella in eggs and egg products = agent/food pair of most concern; broiler meat most frequently implicated in strong-evidence Campylobacter outbreaks. Campylobacter PHC 1000 CFU/g on neck skin.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Descriptive; trend analyses
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Poultry germs are a real but controllable risk.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Reporting differences between countries; Operator vs official sampling differ
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Supports existence of pathogens; contradicts exaggerated prevalence.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Directly EU.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Not representative for Egypt.
-
Salmonella in Egyptian broiler chickens
Elkenany R et al.. BMC Vet Res 2019 · PMID 31029108 · DOI 10.1186/s12917-019-1867-z横断面研究独立交叉核查全文，含结构化偏倚风险评估About 29% of retail chicken carcasses and 32% of farm chickens in one Egyptian province had Salmonella, mostly multidrug-resistant.
About 80-85% of chickens are contaminated with Salmonella, even with the cleanest slaughter methods (the blood is contaminated).
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Prevalence, resistance and virulence genes of Salmonella in broilers and retail carcasses
- 研究是如何开展的？
Cross-sectional microbiological survey
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
420 samples from 5 broiler farms and 5 retail shops, El-Sharkia, summer 2017
- 实际发现了什么？
Salmonella in 28.6% of all samples (carcasses 29.4%, cloacal swabs 32%, environment 22%); 76.7% of isolates multidrug-resistant; all resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; none to imipenem.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Descriptive
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
In Egypt, careful handling and cooking of chicken is especially important.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Only 5 farms and 5 shops in one province, one season; no human data; descriptive only.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Supports concern but not 80-85%.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Low (Egypt).
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Not national.
-
US Salmonella outbreak from one chicken company
Gieraltowski L et al.. PLoS One 2016 · PMID 27631492 · DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0162369暴发报告被 Tayebat 档案网站引用全文，含结构化偏倚风险评估634 people fell ill from resistant Salmonella traced to one company's chicken.
About 80-85% of chickens are contaminated with Salmonella, even with the cleanest slaughter methods (the blood is contaminated).
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 是 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
What caused a large multistate MDR Salmonella Heidelberg outbreak?
- 研究是如何开展的？
Outbreak investigation (epidemiological, laboratory, traceback)
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
634 cases; 435 interviewed; 634 US case-patients
- 实际发现了什么？
634 sick (38% hospitalised, no deaths); 87% of those with brand data ate Company A chicken; 67% of tested patient isolates resistant, 35% multidrug-resistant; Salmonella in 26% of samples at the implicated plants, down to about 5% after fixes.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Descriptive
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Shows why safe handling of raw chicken matters.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Single outbreak
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Supports existence of hazard.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Moderate.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Cannot give routine prevalence in chicken and does not support an 80-85% contamination rate.
-
A third of market chicken in Alexandria carried Salmonella
Barac D et al.. Indian J Microbiol 2024 · PMID 39678989 · DOI 10.1007/s12088-024-01210-z横断面研究独立交叉核查已核查摘要33% of carcass samples from Alexandria markets were contaminated; a supermarket sample set was free.
Egyptian retail: 33.3% (95% CI 22.7-45.9), far below 80-85%.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 低 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
How common is Salmonella in retail chicken and which resistance patterns occur?
- 研究是如何开展的？
Cross-sectional microbiological survey of retail chicken (convenience sample)
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
60 raw chicken carcass samples from six markets
- 实际发现了什么？
Overall Salmonella contamination 33.3%; liver and gizzard 60% each, neck 50%, wing 30%; heart and small intestine negative; one supermarket negative; markets ranged 30-60%. Main serotypes S. Typhimurium and S. Kentucky.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Overall Salmonella contamination 33.3%; liver and gizzard 60% each, neck 50%, wing 30%; heart and small intestine negative; one supermarket negative; markets ranged 30-60%. Main serotypes S. Typhimurium and S. Kentucky.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Salmonella on raw chicken in Egypt is common (roughly 1 in 6 to 1 in 3 carcasses) but far below 80-85%.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Small convenience sample from one city; Not nationally representative
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Contradicts the specific number; supports that contamination is real and higher than in the EU.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Egyptian data; EU levels are lower (4.9%).
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Not representative of Egypt as a whole.
-
Salmonella in 16% of whole chickens and 60% of gizzards in Mansoura
Abd-Elghany SM et al.. Epidemiol Infect 2015 · PMID 25004116 · DOI 10.1017/S0950268814001708横断面研究独立交叉核查已核查摘要Whole carcasses 16%, gizzards 60%, overall 34%; most isolates were multidrug resistant.
Whole carcasses 16%; highest category (gizzards) 60%; none near 80-85%.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 低 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
How common is Salmonella in retail chicken and which resistance patterns occur?
- 研究是如何开展的？
Cross-sectional microbiological survey of retail chicken (convenience sample)
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
200 samples (50 each of whole carcasses, drumsticks, livers, gizzards), Mansoura
- 实际发现了什么？
Salmonella in 16% (8/50) of whole carcasses, 28% (14/50) drumsticks, 32% (16/50) livers, 60% (30/50) gizzards; overall 34% (68/200). 92.8% of isolates multidrug resistant.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Salmonella in 16% (8/50) of whole carcasses, 28% (14/50) drumsticks, 32% (16/50) livers, 60% (30/50) gizzards; overall 34% (68/200). 92.8% of isolates multidrug resistant.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Salmonella on raw chicken in Egypt is common (roughly 1 in 6 to 1 in 3 carcasses) but far below 80-85%.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Small convenience sample from one city; Not nationally representative
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Contradicts the specific number; supports that contamination is real and higher than in the EU.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Egyptian data; EU levels are lower (4.9%).
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Not representative of Egypt as a whole.
-
Salmonella in 18% of native chicken carcasses in Mansoura
El-Saeed BA et al.. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024 · PMID 38965586 · DOI 10.1186/s12941-024-00713-3横断面研究独立交叉核查已核查摘要18% of native chicken carcasses carried Salmonella, often highly resistant to antibiotics.
Native (non-industrial) chicken carcasses 18%; also shows that native birds are not free of Salmonella.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 低 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
How common is Salmonella in retail chicken and which resistance patterns occur?
- 研究是如何开展的？
Cross-sectional microbiological survey of retail chicken (convenience sample)
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
150 freshly dressed native chicken carcasses from poultry shops, Mansoura, Jul-Nov 2022
- 实际发现了什么？
Salmonella confirmed (invA PCR) in 18% (27/150) of carcasses. Of 129 isolates, 93.8% resistant to >=3 antibiotics; 82.2% resistant to colistin and to cefepime; 3.9% pan-drug-resistant.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Salmonella confirmed (invA PCR) in 18% (27/150) of carcasses. Of 129 isolates, 93.8% resistant to >=3 antibiotics; 82.2% resistant to colistin and to cefepime; 3.9% pan-drug-resistant.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Salmonella on raw chicken in Egypt is common (roughly 1 in 6 to 1 in 3 carcasses) but far below 80-85%.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Small convenience sample from one city; Not nationally representative
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Contradicts the specific number; supports that contamination is real and higher than in the EU.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Egyptian data; EU levels are lower (4.9%).
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Not representative of Egypt as a whole.
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
结果不一或不明确的研究 (1)
-
EFSA: controlling Campylobacter in broilers
EFSA BIOHAZ Panel. EFSA J 2020 · PMID 32874298 · DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6090风险评估独立交叉核查全文，含结构化偏倚风险评估Farm measures could reduce human Campylobacter infections from chicken meat substantially.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 高 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Effect of on-farm control options on human campylobacteriosis from broiler meat
- 研究是如何开展的？
EFSA scientific opinion (PAF modelling, expert knowledge elicitation)
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
Not applicable; EU broiler production
- 实际发现了什么？
In the EU, about 27% of broiler flocks and 37% of fresh broiler meat carry Campylobacter (2008 baseline: 71% of batches, 76% of carcasses); chicken meat may cause 20-30% of human cases. Farm measures could cut broiler-related cases by roughly 7-27% each (very uncertain); a 3-log cut in gut counts by 58%.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
PAF; EKE
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
The risk is real and can be reduced.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Wide uncertainty
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Supports pathogen claim, not avoidance.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Directly EU.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Exact effect sizes; combined effects; anything about digestibility or gut damage from chicken meat.
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
地区背景
德国 / 欧盟
EU 2024: 4.9% of fresh broiler meat samples Salmonella-positive; Salmonella process hygiene criteria and flock reduction targets apply.
埃及
Local studies found Salmonella in 16-34% of retail chicken carcass samples (Sharkia, Alexandria, Mansoura) and up to 60% of livers and gizzards; most isolates were multidrug resistant. One supermarket in Alexandria was negative (I-CHK-123). No national data exist.
- Antibiotic (veterinary drug) residues in poultry meat and eggs
- Antimicrobial use in food animals and antibiotic growth promoters
- Hormones in poultry, meat, milk and farmed fish
- Salmonella in laying hens, eggs and broiler chicken
- Import controls and the meaning of RASFF notifications for Egyptian products
在我的国家适用什么？
一般科学评估
基本错误 80-85%这个数字是错误的：在欧盟约5%、在埃及约16-34%的零售鸡肉样品中检出沙门氏菌，而烹饪能杀死它。
以下食品安全领域与该说法相关：
- 兽药与抗生素
- 激素类促生长剂
- 污染物（重金属、PFAS、PCB、二噁英、硝酸盐）
- 病原体（沙门氏菌、弯曲杆菌等）
- 畜禽养殖与饲料
- 监管、进口、召回、标签
禽类
选择一个国家，查看针对该国已核查的信息。
局限：法律规则描述的是允许什么，而不是每一种食品实际含有什么。检测数据来自样本，只有结合其方法细节才有意义。
参考文献
- The European Union One Health 2024 Zoonoses Report.. EFSA, ECDC. EFSA J 2025 · PMID 41377167 · DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9759
- Antimicrobial resistance profiles and virulence genotyping of Salmonella enterica serovars recovered from broiler chickens and chicken carcasses in Egypt.. Elkenany R et al.. BMC Vet Res 2019 · PMID 31029108 · DOI 10.1186/s12917-019-1867-z
- National Outbreak of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Infections Linked to a Single Poultry Company.. Gieraltowski L et al.. PLoS One 2016 · PMID 27631492 · DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0162369
- Prevalence of Non-typhoidal Salmonellae in the Retail Chicken Meat in Alexandria, Egypt.. Barac D et al.. Indian J Microbiol 2024 · PMID 39678989 · DOI 10.1007/s12088-024-01210-z
- Occurrence, genetic characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from chicken meat and giblets.. Abd-Elghany SM et al.. Epidemiol Infect 2015 · PMID 25004116 · DOI 10.1017/S0950268814001708
- Colistin-, cefepime-, and levofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from Egyptian chicken carcasses.. El-Saeed BA et al.. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024 · PMID 38965586 · DOI 10.1186/s12941-024-00713-3
- Update and review of control options for Campylobacter in broilers at primary production.. EFSA BIOHAZ Panel. EFSA J 2020 · PMID 32874298 · DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6090