抗生素会通过改变肠道细菌使人（尤其是儿童）体重增加，就像它们在育肥家禽中所起的作用一样；幼儿期使用抗生素疗程会增加肥胖风险。
原始表述
المضادات الحيويه بتوزن بتزود الوزن اه لانها بتاثر على المجتمع البكتيري بتاع قولونك وامعائك من الاخر كده فبتخن عشان كده العيال الصغيره لما بتضرب مضادات حيويه جه دور كحه اخد مضاد حيوي ف تلاقي الواد تخن
按来源为原话. 译文由本项目提供；以阿拉伯语原文为准。
译文
抗生素会通过改变肠道细菌使人（尤其是儿童）体重增加，就像它们在育肥家禽中所起的作用一样；幼儿期使用抗生素疗程会增加肥胖风险。
出处
- 来源状态
- 视频转录文本（本人原话）
- 归属
- Elawady (machine transcript)
- 视频
- Dr Diaa Al Awady د ضياء العوضي is live! مصدر الغذاء الوريد البابي (打开来源)
- 发布日期
- 2025年7月27日
- 时间戳
- 0:50:11 (在原视频 YouTube 自动字幕轨中的位置；可确认该内容出现的位置，但不能确认说话人是谁)
- 归属的不确定性
- Archive transcript (YouTube CC or AI-generated); wording may contain transcription errors; no timestamps; 'published' is the date listed by the archive. Passage read in context.
- 所声称的机制
Altered gut microbiota changes energy metabolism (growth-promotion effect known from livestock).
- 所声称的健康影响
Obesity.
- 涉及人群
Children
- Elawady 设定的地域限制
none found
来源版本存在差异
والمضادات تسهم في السمنة
- 来源状态
- 档案网站引语（未注明出处）
- 归属
- Elawady (archive paraphrase; source video not given)
- 出处
- https://eltayebat.com/rule/antibiotic-overuse/
- 归属的不确定性
- Text in the archive's 'د. ضياء يقول' box; no video reference given by the archive.
科学评估
不明确 / 证据不足 – 现有数据无法支持任何方向的评估。
证据确定性: 低 – 进一步研究很可能大幅改变该评估。
1. 说法是什么？
Antibiotics cause weight gain via gut bacteria.
2. 哪些内容可证实是正确的？
Antibiotics alter gut bacteria (see C-ABX-04). In randomised trials in children in low- and middle-income countries, antibiotics increased weight gain by 23.8 g/month (4.3-43.3) (I-ABX-111) - a growth effect comparable in direction to livestock growth promotion. Observational studies show a small association between early antibiotic courses and later overweight: Bailey 2014 RR 1.11 for >=4 courses (A-ABX-01); PCORnet BMI z +0.04, OR 1.05 (I-ABX-110); register cohort of 33,095 children aHR 1.20 for obesity (I-ABX-113); meta-analyses OR 1.11 (I-ABX-05) and postnatal OR 1.09, >=4 courses OR 1.31, very low certainty (I-ABX-04). Mice: continuous low-dose penicillin in early life increased adiposity via the microbiota (A-ABX-03).
3. 哪些内容是错误或夸大的？
Within families the association disappears: Danish sibling analysis overweight HR 1.02 (0.86-1.22) versus 1.34 in the whole population (I-ABX-114); Dutch twin study OR 1.00 (0.90-1.12) with null co-twin analyses (I-ABX-112). The largest single cohort found only a very small difference (about 1 percentage point more overweight; I-ABX-110). The RCT weight gain concerns undernourished, infection-burdened children, where it is a benefit, not obesity (I-ABX-111). The mouse model used continuous sub-therapeutic doses (A-ABX-03), unlike treatment courses. 'You see the boy get fat' is anecdotal.
4. 哪些内容仍不明确？
Whether repeated broad-spectrum courses in the first year have a small causal effect that family designs cannot detect.
5. 哪些研究支持该说法？
A-ABX-01, I-ABX-05, I-ABX-110, I-ABX-113 (small associations); A-ABX-03 (mouse growth-promoter model, mechanistic only); partly I-ABX-111 (weight gain in RCTs in undernourished children), A-ABX-02 and I-ABX-04.
6. 哪些研究与该说法相矛盾？
I-ABX-114 (Danish sibling analysis: overweight HR 1.02, 0.86-1.22), I-ABX-112 (Dutch twins: OR 1.00, 0.90-1.12); I-ABX-04 (certainty very low).
7. 对德国和欧洲而言情况如何？
European family-based studies (Denmark, I-ABX-114; Netherlands, I-ABX-112) find no association within families; UK ALSPAC found only a transient association (A-ABX-02). Antibiotic growth promoters in animal feed have been banned in the EU since 2006.
8. 关于埃及的已知情况是什么？
No Egyptian data were reviewed.
9. 合理的实际结论是什么？
出于多种原因（耐药性、副作用），应避免给婴儿使用不必要的抗生素；但对体重增加的担心，不能成为不给患有需要治疗的细菌感染的儿童使用抗生素的理由。
评估详情
- 证据确定性的依据
Conventional cohorts and meta-analyses show small, consistent associations (e.g. OR 1.05 in 362,550 US children, I-ABX-110; OR 1.09 postnatal, very low certainty, I-ABX-04). However, two large family-based studies find no association after controlling for shared family factors: Danish siblings, overweight HR 1.34 -> 1.02 (0.86-1.22) (I-ABX-114); Dutch twins, OR 1.00 (0.90-1.12) (I-ABX-112). RCTs show antibiotics increase weight gain only in undernourished children in low- and middle-income countries (I-ABX-111). Causation for obesity is therefore not established.
- 来源质量
Elawady's statement is a strong causal claim; archive cites the best available data accurately.
- 地区可推广性
Moderate.
- 个体例外情况
Effect per child is small; many children receive antibiotics without becoming obese.
- 说法的地域范围
- 普遍性（生物学/医学）
- 最近审核
- 2026年10月26日 初步
科学证据详解
过度解读 – 确有真实的发现，但该说法从中引申出的结论超出了数据所能支持的范围（例如把关联当作因果、把动物数据套用到人身上、把小效应说成大效应）。
研究问题: In children, does antibiotic exposure in early life cause later overweight or obesity through gut microbiota changes, as antibiotic growth promoters do in livestock?
研究问题详解 (PECO)
- 人群
- Infants and young children
- 干预或暴露
- Antibiotic courses in the first 2 years of life
- 对照
- No antibiotic exposure (including within-family comparisons)
- 地域范围
- Universal biology; exposure levels differ by country
- 结局指标
- Overweight/obesity
- BMI z-score
- Weight gain
研究结果按作者报告呈现。我们的评估见下文。
哪些证据支持该说法？
Antibiotics helped children in poorer countries grow
Meta-analysis of 10 RCTs in LMIC children.
- 实际结果
- Weight +23.8 g/month (4.3-43.3) with antibiotics.
- 方法学质量
- high (RCTs)
- 相关性
- indirect: shows antibiotics can increase weight gain (growth promotion) in undernourished, infection-burdened children, not obesity
- 局限
- Different population; benefit in this context.
Early antibiotics and childhood overweight (meta-analysis 2023)
Chagas AP et al.. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023 · PMID 37573229 · DOI 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.07.001 Meta分析已核查摘要2023 meta-analysis of observational studies.
- 实际结果
- Postnatal OR 1.09 (1.05-1.12); >=4 courses OR 1.31 (1.17-1.46); very low certainty.
- 方法学质量
- low (observational, very low certainty per authors)
- 相关性
- direct
- 局限
- Confounding by infections.
Early antibiotics linked to slightly more childhood obesity
Register cohort of 33,095 children (country not stated in abstract).
- 实际结果
- aHR obesity 1.20 (1.10-1.31), overweight 1.09 (1.04-1.13) for exposure <24 months.
- 方法学质量
- moderate
- 相关性
- direct
- 局限
- No within-family control.
哪些证据不支持该说法？
Danish siblings: early antibiotics not linked to overweight, weakly to asthma
Danish nationwide registry with sibling analysis.
- 实际结果
- Overweight adjusted HR 1.34 (1.25-1.43) -> sibling HR 1.02 (0.86-1.22).
- 方法学质量
- high (518,483 children; sibling design; full text read)
- 相关性
- direct
- 局限
- Overweight only from hospital diagnoses.
Twin study finds no link between baby antibiotics and overweight
Dutch twin cohort, 34,142 twins.
- 实际结果
- Overweight/obesity OR 1.00 (0.90-1.12); co-twin analyses null.
- 方法学质量
- moderate-high (twin design)
- 相关性
- direct
- 局限
- Parent-reported antibiotic use.
Antibiotics in babies linked to very slightly higher weight at age 5
PCORnet cohort, 362,550 children.
- 实际结果
- BMI z +0.04 (0.03-0.05); OR 1.05 (1.03-1.07): about 1 percentage point.
- 方法学质量
- moderate
- 相关性
- direct; shows effect is very small even if real
- 局限
- Observational.
总体证据说明了什么？
基于上述研究的编辑评估——其本身并非研究结果。
哪种观点有更好的证据支持？
Antibiotics can increase weight gain in undernourished children (RCTs), and observational studies show a small, consistent association with later overweight; but family-based designs (siblings, twins) largely eliminate the association, so a meaningful causal effect on obesity in children is not established.
为什么有些研究权重更大
Within-family designs (I-ABX-114, I-ABX-112) control genetic and shared environmental confounding and weigh more than conventional cohorts for the causal question; RCTs in LMICs answer a different question (growth in undernutrition).
因果关系是否已确立？ 尚未确立 Associations attenuate to null within families; confounding by infections and family factors (I-ABX-114, Ohler 2022 screened) is the most likely explanation for most of the association. The mouse growth-promoter model (A-ABX-03) is not transferable to treatment courses.
仍存在的不确定性
A small residual effect of repeated broad-spectrum courses cannot be excluded.
合理的结论
The link is small and probably largely non-causal; 'antibiotics make children fat' is not supported.
为什么研究结果看起来互相矛盾？
Conventional cohorts (A-ABX-01, I-ABX-110, I-ABX-113) vs family-based designs (I-ABX-114, I-ABX-112): they answer different questions - association in the population vs causal effect after removing family factors. The RCT growth effect (I-ABX-111) concerns undernourished children with high infection burdens, where treating infections improves growth.
这是否取决于国家？
- 一般生物学效应
- Biology universal; mechanistic data come from mice and livestock growth-promoter regimens (continuous low doses), not treatment courses.
- 饮食习惯
- Not applicable.
- 食品原产地
- Not applicable.
- 污染物
- Residues of veterinary antibiotics in food are a separate issue (not assessed here).
- 本国生产条件
- Livestock growth promotion: banned in the EU since 2006; 22% of WOAH reporting members still used growth promoters in 2022; Egyptian farm survey: 65% reported non-therapeutic use (the project's research files).
- 法律规则
- EU Regulation 2019/6 bans antimicrobials for growth promotion; WHO recommends complete restriction for growth promotion.
- 实际监测数据
- Egypt: no national veterinary antimicrobial use data in mg/PCU found (the project's research files).
足以改变结论的地区差异没有可靠数据支持。
统计复核
- Attenuation within siblings – About 93% of the log-excess risk for overweight disappears within sibships (1.34 -> 1.02); CIs log-symmetric. 已重新计算
- Absolute effect – OR 1.05 at 28% prevalence -> about 1.0 percentage point (NNH about 101; approximate). 已重新计算
- CI symmetry – OR 1.00 (0.90-1.12) log-symmetric. 已重新计算
- Annualised effect – 23.8 g/month = about 286 g/year. 已重新计算
总体证据的确定性（GRADE，简化版）
- 主要结局
- Childhood overweight/obesity after early-life antibiotics
- 起始等级
- 低（观察性研究）
- 降级理由
- risk of bias (confounding by indication and family factors)
- inconsistency (family-based designs null)
- 升级理由
- dose-response in conventional cohorts (weakened by family designs)
- 结果
- 低
由单名审查者参照 GRADE 方法进行的简化评估；并非正式的 GRADE 专家组评估。GRADE 评价的是针对某一结局的整体证据，而非单项研究。
已核查的临床指南和官方声明
- WHO: The WHO AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) antibiotic book (2022) · 原始文献
Inappropriate use and overuse of antibiotics drive AMR; the book gives evidence-based guidance on antibiotic choice, dose, route and duration for over 30 common infections in children and adults.
检索策略
本次审查的文献检索记录（检索式采用原数据库语法）。
| 数据库 | 日期 | 检索式 | 检索目标 | 命中数 | 纳入数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | (antibiotic*) AND (infancy OR "early life" OR "early-life" OR infant*) AND (obesity OR overweight OR BMI OR adiposity) AND (PUB_TYPE:"Systematic Review" OR TITLE:"meta-analysis") AND PUB_YEAR:[2019 TO 2026] | 支持性证据 | 783 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | (antibiotic*) AND (infancy OR "early life" OR infant* OR childhood) AND (obesity OR overweight OR "body mass index") AND (sibling OR "negative control" OR "familial confounding") | 反对性证据 | 2966 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | (antibiotic*) AND (children) AND ("weight gain" OR growth) AND (randomized OR randomised OR "meta-analysis") AND ("low-income" OR "low- and middle-income" OR malnutrition OR "developing countries") | 支持性证据 | 10021 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | TITLE:"Early Antibiotic Exposure and Weight Outcomes in Young Children" | 支持性证据 | 2 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | TITLE:"impact of antibiotics on growth in children in low and middle income countries" | 支持性证据 | 1 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | TITLE:(antibiotic*) AND TITLE:(obesity OR overweight OR "body mass" OR weight) AND TITLE:(sibling* OR twin* OR "within-family") | 反对性证据 | 1 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | TITLE:(antibiotic*) AND TITLE:(obesity OR overweight OR "body mass" OR BMI) AND TITLE:(child* OR infan* OR "early life" OR "early-life") AND PUB_YEAR:[2022 TO 2026] | 双向 | 29 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | (antibiotic*) AND (asthma) AND (infan* OR "early life" OR childhood) AND ("sibling analysis" OR "sibling comparison" OR "sibling design" OR "sibling-controlled") | 反对性证据 | 83 | |
| PubMed | 2026年10月26日 | (antibiotic*[ti]) AND (obesity[ti] OR overweight[ti] OR "body mass"[ti] OR weight[ti]) AND (infan*[ti] OR child*[ti] OR "early life"[ti] OR "early-life"[ti]) AND (meta-analysis[pt] OR systematic review[pt] OR sibling*[tiab] OR twin*[tiab]) | 双向 | 15 |
待解决的问题
Whether repeated broad-spectrum courses in the first year have a small causal effect; studies with negative-control exposures.
核查深度如何？
10 项相关研究：3 项核查了全文（其中 2 项进行了结构化偏倚风险评估），7 项基于摘要核查，0 项仅核查了文献信息。 尚未进行由两名独立审查者完成的正式评估，也尚未进行独立的人类专家审核。
最近一次科学审核: 2026年10月26日
评定结论的变更历史
- 2026年10月25日 · 第 1 阶段 · 初始评估: 可能正确 (低)
- 2026年10月26日 · 第 4 阶段（系统证据审查） · 评定结论已更改: 可能正确 (低) → 不明确 / 证据不足 (低)
Changed because the evidence base changed materially: two large family-based studies (Danish sibling analysis, I-ABX-114; Dutch twin study, I-ABX-112) find no association after controlling for shared family factors, while conventional cohorts show only very small effects (I-ABX-110). The causal claim is therefore not supported, but a small effect cannot be excluded; RCT growth effects in undernourished children (I-ABX-111) do not translate into obesity risk.
新来源: I-ABX-110 I-ABX-111 I-ABX-112 I-ABX-113 I-ABX-114
通俗解释
婴儿期使用过抗生素的儿童，日后平均体重略微重一点点。但当研究人员比较兄弟姐妹或双胞胎时，这种差异就消失了。这提示，大部分关联可以用家庭因素和频繁感染来解释，而不是抗生素本身。在贫穷国家，抗生素能帮助营养不良的儿童生长，这是一种益处。并没有证据表明抗生素会使儿童肥胖。
与该说法相关的研究
支持该说法的研究 (5)
-
Antibiotics in infancy and childhood obesity
Bailey LC et al.. JAMA Pediatr 2014 · PMID 25265089 · DOI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.1539队列研究被 Tayebat 档案网站引用已核查摘要★ 关键研究Children with 4+ antibiotic courses before age 2 were about 11% more likely to be obese.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Link antibiotics to obesity.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Health-record cohort.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
64,580 children.
- 实际发现了什么？
Small increased risk with broad-spectrum.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
RR 1.11-1.16.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Small effect, may not be causal.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Observational.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Supports association.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Moderate.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Causation.
-
Antibiotics, gut bacteria and fat in mice
Cox LM et al.. Cell 2014 · PMID 25126780 · DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.052动物研究被 Tayebat 档案网站引用全文，含结构化偏倚风险评估★ 关键研究Low-dose penicillin early in life made mice fatter via their gut bacteria.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Test causality in mice.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Experiments, microbiota transfer.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
Mouse groups of about 3-10 animals per experiment.
- 实际发现了什么？
Continuous low-dose penicillin early in life increased weight and fat in mice (effects differed by sex); germ-free mice given the altered gut bacteria gained fat faster.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Shows a plausible mechanism.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Mouse model; tiny groups and many tests; continuous low dosing like farm growth promoters, unlike human treatment courses; effects inconsistent between sexes.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Mechanism only.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Human effect.
-
Infant antibiotics and overweight (meta-analysis 2018)
Rasmussen SH et al.. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018 · PMID 29359849 · DOI 10.1111/dom.13230Meta分析独立交叉核查已核查摘要Slightly higher risk, mainly with repeated or very early treatment.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Pool studies.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Meta-analysis.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
13 studies.
- 实际发现了什么？
Small association.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
OR 1.11.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Small.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Observational.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Supports association.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Moderate.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Mechanism.
-
Antibiotics in babies linked to very slightly higher weight at age 5
Block JP et al.. Pediatrics 2018 · PMID 30381474 · DOI 10.1542/peds.2018-0290队列研究独立交叉核查已核查摘要★ 关键研究Children given antibiotics before age 2 were very slightly heavier at age 5.
Small association: BMI z +0.04; OR 1.05
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Check whether early antibiotics relate to weight at 5
- 研究是如何开展的？
Health-record cohort
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
362,550 children
- 实际发现了什么？
Very slightly higher weight
- 观察到的效应有多大？
BMI z +0.04; OR 1.05
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
The difference is tiny for an individual child
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Cannot separate effect of infections
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Supports a small association, not a large causal effect
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Moderate
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Whether antibiotics cause the difference
-
Early antibiotics linked to slightly more childhood obesity
Ainonen S et al.. Pediatr Res 2026 · PMID 41792341 · DOI 10.1038/s41390-026-04841-8队列研究独立交叉核查已核查摘要Antibiotics in the first 2 years were linked to a 20% higher relative risk of obesity by age 12.
aHR obesity 1.20 for antibiotics in first 24 months
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Check timing of antibiotic exposure and child weight
- 研究是如何开展的？
Register cohort
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
33,095 children
- 实际发现了什么？
Exposure in first 2 years linked to more overweight/obesity
- 观察到的效应有多大？
aHR 1.09 overweight; 1.20 obesity
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Small relative increase; not proof of cause
- 该研究有哪些局限？
No family-based control
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Supports an association
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
High
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Whether antibiotics are the cause
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
与该说法相矛盾或限制该说法的研究 (2)
-
Twin study finds no link between baby antibiotics and overweight
Feil RS et al.. Int J Obes (Lond) 2026 · PMID 42457938 · DOI 10.1038/s41366-026-02164-6队列研究独立交叉核查已核查摘要★ 关键研究Among 34,142 Dutch twins, early antibiotics were not linked to overweight or obesity.
Twin study: OR 1.00 (0.90-1.12) for overweight/obesity
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Test the antibiotic-weight link while controlling for family
- 研究是如何开展的？
Twin cohort
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
34,142 twins
- 实际发现了什么？
No association
- 观察到的效应有多大？
OR 1.00 (0.90-1.12)
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Earlier links may reflect family factors
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Antibiotic use reported by parents
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Contradicts the claim
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
High
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Effects of many courses
-
Danish siblings: early antibiotics not linked to overweight, weakly to asthma
Brandt S et al.. BMJ Med 2025 · PMID 40519361 · DOI 10.1136/bmjmed-2024-001064队列研究独立交叉核查已核查全文★ 关键研究Comparing siblings, the link with overweight vanished and the link with asthma halved.
Overweight: adjusted HR 1.34 -> sibling HR 1.02 (0.86-1.22)
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 高 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Test links between baby antibiotics and later diseases
- 研究是如何开展的？
National registers with sibling comparison
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
518,483 children
- 实际发现了什么？
Most links weakened within families; asthma and eczema remained
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Overweight sibling HR 1.02; asthma sibling HR 1.24
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Family factors explain much of the earlier findings
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Overweight only from hospital records
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Contradicts antibiotics causing obesity; partly supports an asthma link
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
High
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Causality for asthma
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
结果不一或不明确的研究 (3)
-
Early antibiotics and childhood overweight (meta-analysis 2023)
Chagas AP et al.. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023 · PMID 37573229 · DOI 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.07.001Meta分析独立交叉核查已核查摘要★ 关键研究A small association (about 9-10% higher odds) was found, but certainty was very low.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Pool cohort studies.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Meta-analysis.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
42 studies.
- 实际发现了什么？
Small association.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
OR 1.09; 4+ courses 1.31.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Possible small effect.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Very low certainty.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Weakly supports.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Moderate.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Causation.
-
Infant antibiotics and body mass (UK)
Trasande L et al.. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013 · PMID 22907693 · DOI 10.1038/ijo.2012.132队列研究被 Tayebat 档案网站引用全文，含结构化偏倚风险评估Antibiotics before 6 months were linked to slightly higher body mass later.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Link antibiotics to weight.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Birth cohort.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
11,532.
- 实际发现了什么？
Antibiotics before 6 months: body mass slightly higher at 10-38 months (+0.07 to +0.1 SD), overweight odds 1.22 at 38 months; no clear effect at 7 years; later exposures not consistently linked.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
+0.067 SD BMI at 38 months, about 90 g; overweight OR 1.22.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Small.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Parent-reported antibiotics; infections themselves not accounted for; effect not seen at 7 years; many comparisons.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Supports association.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
High.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Causation, or a lasting effect on obesity beyond early childhood.
-
Antibiotics helped children in poorer countries grow
Gough EK et al.. BMJ 2014 · PMID 24735883 · DOI 10.1136/bmj.g2267Meta分析独立交叉核查已核查摘要★ 关键研究In randomised trials, children given antibiotics gained about 24 g more per month.
RCTs: antibiotics increase weight gain in LMIC children (growth), not evidence of obesity
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 高 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Test antibiotic effects on child growth
- 研究是如何开展的？
Meta-analysis of 10 randomised trials
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
4316 children in LMICs
- 实际发现了什么？
Slightly more weight and height gain
- 观察到的效应有多大？
+23.8 g/month
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
In undernourished children this is a benefit
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Different setting from obesity
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Partly supports 'antibiotics increase weight'; not 'cause obesity'
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Low
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Effect in well-fed children
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
地区背景
德国 / 欧盟
European family-based studies (Denmark, I-ABX-114; Netherlands, I-ABX-112) find no association within families; UK ALSPAC found only a transient association (A-ABX-02). Antibiotic growth promoters in animal feed have been banned in the EU since 2006.
埃及
No Egyptian data were reviewed.
在我的国家适用什么？
一般科学评估
不明确 / 证据不足 尚未确立：早期使用抗生素与日后体重之间的微弱关联在兄弟姐妹研究和双胞胎研究中基本消失，因此并未证明抗生素会使儿童发胖。
该说法涉及生物学或医学关系。上述科学评估不论在哪个国家都适用；各国食品数据不会改变这一评估。
参考文献
- Association of antibiotics in infancy with early childhood obesity.. Bailey LC et al.. JAMA Pediatr 2014 · PMID 25265089 · DOI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.1539
- Altering the intestinal microbiota during a critical developmental window has lasting metabolic consequences.. Cox LM et al.. Cell 2014 · PMID 25126780 · DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.052
- Antibiotic exposure in early life and childhood overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Rasmussen SH et al.. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018 · PMID 29359849 · DOI 10.1111/dom.13230
- Early Antibiotic Exposure and Weight Outcomes in Young Children.. Block JP et al.. Pediatrics 2018 · PMID 30381474 · DOI 10.1542/peds.2018-0290
- Early-life antibiotic exposure and the risk of overweight and obesity in children.. Ainonen S et al.. Pediatr Res 2026 · PMID 41792341 · DOI 10.1038/s41390-026-04841-8
- Early-life antibiotic use and children with overweight and obesity: a Dutch twin cohort study.. Feil RS et al.. Int J Obes (Lond) 2026 · PMID 42457938 · DOI 10.1038/s41366-026-02164-6
- Use of antibiotics in early life and development of diseases in childhood: nationwide registry study.. Brandt S et al.. BMJ Med 2025 · PMID 40519361 · DOI 10.1136/bmjmed-2024-001064
- Early-life exposure to antibiotics and excess body weight in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Chagas AP et al.. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023 · PMID 37573229 · DOI 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.07.001
- Infant antibiotic exposures and early-life body mass.. Trasande L et al.. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013 · PMID 22907693 · DOI 10.1038/ijo.2012.132
- The impact of antibiotics on growth in children in low and middle income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.. Gough EK et al.. BMJ 2014 · PMID 24735883 · DOI 10.1136/bmj.g2267