癌细胞之所以对化疗产生耐药，是因为其纤维化的间质（基质）环境；纤维化会“扼杀”细胞，细胞随后发生癌变，并对化疗和放疗产生抵抗。
原始表述
حذّر الدكتور ضياء العوضي من العلاج الكيميائي والجراحة لإزالة الأورام، معتبراً أنها لا تعالج الأسباب الجذرية، وأن الجسم سيعيد تفعيل خطته الدفاعية في مكان آخر، ورأى أن الخلايا السرطانية تقاوم العلاج الكيماوي بسبب بيئتها الخلالية المتليفة.
非原话——为转述. 译文由本项目提供；以阿拉伯语原文为准。
译文
癌细胞之所以对化疗产生耐药，是因为其纤维化的间质（基质）环境；纤维化会“扼杀”细胞，细胞随后发生癌变，并对化疗和放疗产生抵抗。
出处
- 来源状态
- 档案网站引语（未注明出处）
- 归属
- Elawady (archive paraphrase; source video not given)
- 出处
- https://eltayebat.com/rule/chemo-radiation/
- 归属的不确定性
- The archive attributes this text to Dr. Diaa in its 'د. ضياء يقول' box but gives no video reference. Transcript check (the project's research files, keyword search of 307 archive transcripts): found_close_paraphrase. The link between the interstitial (stromal) environment and chemotherapy resistance/aggressiveness is found in PI73-XbTbwU and the fibrosis image in o8BWuF9wmoM (both already alt sources); no single passage contains the whole quote.
- 所声称的机制
Fibrosis of interstitial tissue -> hypoxic cells -> cancer and resistance
- 所声称的健康影响
Chemoresistance
- 涉及人群
Cancer patients
- Elawady 设定的地域限制
none found
来源版本存在差异
الليف خنق الخلايا اللي جنبه الخلايا دي عايزه تتنفس تعمل خلايا سرطانيه خليه ما تمتش خليه تعيش تقاوم الكيماوي
- 来源状态
- 视频转录文本（本人原话）
- 归属
- Elawady (machine transcript)
- 视频
- النسيج الخلالي و نشوء السرطان (打开来源)
- 发布日期
- 2025年9月19日
- 时间戳
- 0:01:16 (在原视频 YouTube 自动字幕轨中的位置；可确认该内容出现的位置，但不能确认说话人是谁)
عشان كده يقول لك ايه بيقاوم الكيماوي
- 来源状态
- 视频转录文本（本人原话）
- 归属
- Elawady (machine transcript)
- 视频
- Dr.D Clinics - Diaa Al Awady is live! الغذاء المغشوش (打开来源)
- 发布日期
- 2025年5月31日
- 时间戳
- 0:26:25 (在原视频 YouTube 自动字幕轨中的位置；可确认该内容出现的位置，但不能确认说话人是谁)
科学评估
基本错误 – 该说法的主要部分没有证据支持，或被严重夸大。
证据确定性: 低 – 进一步研究很可能大幅改变该评估。
1. 说法是什么？
Chemoresistance is caused by the fibrotic interstitial environment; fibrosis creates cancer.
2. 哪些内容可证实是正确的？
Dense tumour stroma can impair drug delivery: in a genetically engineered mouse model of pancreatic cancer, only 32% of tumour vessels were perfused; depleting the stroma raised intratumoral gemcitabine metabolites by 60% and transiently prolonged survival (11 to 25 days) before tumours resumed growth (I-CHM-11). This supports only that tumour stroma can hinder drug delivery in one tumour type in mice. Chronic inflammation/fibrosis is a recognised risk setting for some cancers (not reviewed in detail here).
3. 哪些内容是错误或夸大的？
As a universal rule it is wrong: many cancers are highly chemosensitive and curable (childhood ALL 5-year survival 90.4%, I-CHM-05; testicular cancer 95% 10-year survival, A-CHM-14). Resistance has multiple causes (tumour genetics, drug efflux, etc.). The step from 'resistance exists' to 'do not treat' is not supported.
4. 哪些内容仍不明确？
The share of chemoresistance attributable to stroma in human cancers. No source reviewed here tests the claim that fibrosis causes malignant transformation or radiation resistance.
5. 哪些研究支持该说法？
Partial, mechanistic only: I-CHM-11 (stroma hinders drug delivery in mouse pancreatic cancer); I-CHM-119 (review: tumour microenvironment can protect cancer cells from initial therapy); I-CHM-129 (stroma-rich ovarian tumours more often platinum-resistant in one of two cohorts; no association in the other).
6. 哪些研究与该说法相矛盾？
I-CHM-118 (phase III RCT: degrading tumour stroma added to chemotherapy did not improve survival, HR 1.00); I-CHM-120 (in pancreatic cancer, a very stroma-rich tumour, adjuvant chemotherapy doubled 5-year survival); I-CHM-117 (in mice, removing stroma made tumours more aggressive); I-CHM-05, A-CHM-14 (highly chemosensitive curable cancers).
7. 对德国和欧洲而言情况如何？
Not region-specific: tumour biology and chemosensitivity do not depend on the country; no Europe-specific data were reviewed.
8. 关于埃及的已知情况是什么？
Not region-specific; no Egyptian data were reviewed. Differences in access to treatment do not change the biology.
9. 合理的实际结论是什么？
对某一种药物耐药，是与肿瘤科医生一起选择其他治疗的理由，而不是停止治疗的理由。
评估详情
- 证据确定性的依据
Mechanistic animal data support a partial stromal contribution in some tumours; as a general explanation it conflicts with the high chemosensitivity of many cancers. Evidence base reviewed here is limited.
- 来源质量
Archive paraphrase + transcripts.
- 说法的地域范围
- 普遍性（生物学/医学）
- 最近审核
- 2026年10月26日 初步
科学证据详解
过度解读 – 确有真实的发现，但该说法从中引申出的结论超出了数据所能支持的范围（例如把关联当作因果、把动物数据套用到人身上、把小效应说成大效应）。
研究问题: Is fibrotic tumour stroma a general cause of cancer and of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, such that treatment is futile?
研究问题详解 (PECO)
- 人群
- Patients with solid tumours; experimental models
- 干预或暴露
- Stroma-rich/fibrotic tumour microenvironment; stroma-targeting therapy
- 对照
- Stroma-poor tumours; chemotherapy without stroma targeting
- 地域范围
- universal biology
- 结局指标
- Chemoresistance
- Survival
研究结果按作者报告呈现。我们的评估见下文。
哪些证据支持该说法？
Dense tissue around pancreatic tumours can block chemotherapy in mice
In a mouse model of pancreatic cancer, dense stroma limited drug delivery; depleting stroma raised drug levels and transiently prolonged survival.
- 实际结果
- Gemcitabine metabolites +60%; survival 11 -> 25 days
- 方法学质量
- moderate (mouse model)
- 相关性
- very indirect
- 局限
- Animal; transient effect
More stroma, more chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer?
Lou E et al.. JAMA Netw Open 2024 · PMID 38411963 · DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0407 队列研究已核查摘要新增In one of two ovarian cancer cohorts, stroma-rich tumours were more often platinum-resistant and had shorter survival.
- 实际结果
- OS HR 1.867 (Tuebingen); null in TCGA
- 方法学质量
- low-moderate (retrospective prognostic)
- 相关性
- indirect
- 局限
- Inconsistent; statistic labelling problem
Tumour surroundings can protect cancer cells from drugs
Expert review: the tumour microenvironment can protect cancer cells from initial therapy.
- 实际结果
- Narrative
- 方法学质量
- low (narrative review)
- 相关性
- indirect
- 局限
- Mostly preclinical
哪些证据不支持该说法？
Breaking down tumour stroma did not help patients live longer
Phase III RCT: degrading tumour stroma (hyaluronan) added to chemotherapy did not improve survival.
- 实际结果
- OS HR 1.00 (0.80-1.27)
- 方法学质量
- high (double-blind RCT)
- 相关性
- direct test of the stroma hypothesis in humans
- 局限
- One agent
Chemotherapy after pancreatic cancer surgery
In pancreatic cancer, the prototypical fibrotic tumour, adjuvant chemotherapy doubled 5-year survival.
- 实际结果
- 5-y OS 20.7% vs 10.4%
- 方法学质量
- high (RCT)
- 相关性
- direct
- 局限
- Open-label
Tumour scar tissue can hold cancer back
In mice, removing stroma made pancreatic tumours more aggressive.
- 实际结果
- Shh deletion: more aggressive, vascular tumours
- 方法学质量
- moderate (mouse)
- 相关性
- very indirect
- 局限
- Animal
总体证据说明了什么？
基于上述研究的编辑评估——其本身并非研究结果。
哪种观点有更好的证据支持？
Stroma can contribute to drug resistance in some tumours, and chronic fibrosis is a risk setting for some organ cancers (e.g. cirrhosis and liver cancer; not reviewed in detail); but stroma is not a general explanation of cancer or treatment failure, stroma-targeting failed in a phase III trial, and chemotherapy works even in stroma-rich tumours.
为什么有些研究权重更大
Human RCTs outweigh mouse and prognostic studies.
因果关系是否已确立？ 有可能，尚未确立 Stroma-mediated resistance is plausible and shown in models; not established as a decisive cause in patients.
仍存在的不确定性
Which stroma components protect or restrain tumours.
合理的结论
Mostly false as stated; the mechanistic kernel is partly real, the conclusion (avoid treatment) is wrong.
为什么研究结果看起来互相矛盾？
这是否取决于国家？
- 一般生物学效应
- Universal biology.
- 饮食习惯
- Not relevant.
- 食品原产地
- Not relevant.
- 污染物
- Not relevant.
- 本国生产条件
- Not relevant.
- 法律规则
- Not relevant.
- 实际监测数据
- No monitoring data relevant.
足以改变结论的地区差异没有可靠数据支持。
统计复核
- Log-symmetry – HR 1.00 (0.80-1.27) symmetric 已重新计算
- Effect-measure wording – 'Twice as likely' reported as 'HR 2.861' for a cross-sectional comparison: the measure should be an OR/RR, and 2.86 is not 'twice'; association also absent in the TCGA cohort 已重新计算
总体证据的确定性（GRADE，简化版）
- 主要结局
- Stroma as cause of chemotherapy failure in patients
- 起始等级
- 低（观察性研究）
- 降级理由
- indirectness (mostly animal/prognostic)
- inconsistency
- 结果
- 低
由单名审查者参照 GRADE 方法进行的简化评估；并非正式的 GRADE 专家组评估。GRADE 评价的是针对某一结局的整体证据，而非单项研究。
检索策略
本次审查的文献检索记录（检索式采用原数据库语法）。
| 数据库 | 日期 | 检索式 | 检索目标 | 命中数 | 纳入数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | (TITLE:"stroma" OR TITLE:"microenvironment" OR TITLE:"fibrosis" OR TITLE:"desmoplas") AND (TITLE:"drug resistance" OR TITLE:"chemoresistance") AND (PUB_TYPE:"review") AND PUB_YEAR:[2009 TO 2026] | 支持性证据 | 130 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | TITLE:"Environment-mediated drug resistance" AND AUTH:"Meads" | 支持性证据 | 1 | |
| PubMed | 2026年10月26日 | (stroma[ti] OR stromal[ti] OR desmoplas*[ti] OR fibrosis[ti]) AND (chemoresistance[ti] OR "drug resistance"[ti] OR "chemotherapy resistance"[ti]) AND (patients[tiab]) AND (cohort[tiab] OR trial[tiab]) | 支持性证据 | 4 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | (TITLE:"fibrosis" OR TITLE:"cirrhosis") AND TITLE:"hepatocellular carcinoma" AND TITLE:"risk" AND (TITLE:"meta-analysis" OR TITLE:"cohort") AND PUB_YEAR:[2015 TO 2026] | 支持性证据 | 27 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | TITLE:"Stromal elements act to restrain, rather than support, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma" | 反对性证据 | 1 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | (TITLE:"PEGPH20" OR TITLE:"pegvorhyaluronidase") AND TITLE:"phase III" | 反对性证据 | 2 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | TITLE:"Adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and long-term outcomes among patients with resected pancreatic cancer" | 反对性证据 | 1 |
待解决的问题
Role of fibrosis in specific organ cancers (liver, lung) not reviewed in detail.
核查深度如何？
8 项相关研究：2 项核查了全文（其中 2 项进行了结构化偏倚风险评估），6 项基于摘要核查，0 项仅核查了文献信息。 尚未进行由两名独立审查者完成的正式评估，也尚未进行独立的人类专家审核。
最近一次科学审核: 2026年10月26日
评定结论的变更历史
- 2026年10月25日 · 第 1 阶段 · 初始评估: 基本错误 (低)
- 2026年10月26日 · 第 4 阶段（系统证据审查） · 在扩展证据后重新审查；评定结论不变: 基本错误 (低)
New evidence covers both sides (supporting mechanism; negative human RCT; chemotherapy benefit in fibrotic tumours). It confirms the existing verdict; certainty for the mechanistic question stays low, while the practical conclusion (do not treat) is clearly contradicted.
新来源: I-CHM-117 I-CHM-118 I-CHM-119 I-CHM-120 I-CHM-129
通俗解释
有些肿瘤（例如胰腺癌）被致密的组织包围，这些组织会阻挡药物进入。这是某些癌症治疗效果不佳的几个原因之一。但许多癌症，例如儿童白血病和睾丸癌，对化疗反应非常好，通常能够治愈。
与该说法相关的研究
支持该说法的研究 (2)
-
Tumour surroundings can protect cancer cells from drugs
Meads MB et al.. Nat Rev Cancer 2009 · PMID 19693095 · DOI 10.1038/nrc2714叙述性综述独立交叉核查已核查摘要Signals between cancer cells and their surroundings can make some cells resist treatment at first.
Microenvironment-mediated drug resistance is a recognised mechanism; supports the narrow mechanistic part only.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 低 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Review resistance caused by the tumour environment
- 研究是如何开展的？
Narrative review
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
Not applicable
- 实际发现了什么？
Environment can protect cancer cells
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Not applicable
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
One reason some cancer cells survive treatment
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Narrative; mostly lab evidence
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Partly supports the mechanism; authors recommend better treatment, not none
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Moderate
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Cannot support avoiding treatment
-
More stroma, more chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer?
Lou E et al.. JAMA Netw Open 2024 · PMID 38411963 · DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0407队列研究独立交叉核查已核查摘要In a German cohort, tumours with much stroma resisted platinum chemotherapy more often; a US cohort showed no such link.
Narrow support: high stroma content associated with platinum resistance in one of two cohorts.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Test stroma as a resistance marker
- 研究是如何开展的？
Two retrospective cohorts
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
295 patients
- 实际发现了什么？
Association in one cohort, not the other
- 观察到的效应有多大？
OS HR 1.867 (Tuebingen); null in TCGA
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Stroma may matter for some tumours
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Inconsistent; retrospective
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Partly supports the mechanism only
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Moderate
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Cannot support avoiding chemotherapy
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
与该说法相矛盾或限制该说法的研究 (5)
-
About 9 in 10 children with leukaemia now survive
Hunger SP et al.. J Clin Oncol 2012 · PMID 22412151 · DOI 10.1200/JCO.2011.37.8018队列研究独立交叉核查已核查摘要★ 关键研究5-year survival in childhood ALL rose to 90.4% by 2000-2005.
Chemosensitive cancer
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 高 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Track ALL survival.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Trial cohort analysis.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
21,626.
- 实际发现了什么？
83.7% -> 90.4%.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
+6.7 points.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Childhood leukaemia is usually curable with treatment.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Trial patients.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Benefit side.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Moderate.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Survival outside trials.
-
Testicular cancer survivors face late effects but almost all survive
Fung C et al.. Adv Urol 2018 · PMID 29670654 · DOI 10.1155/2018/8671832叙述性综述被 Tayebat 档案网站引用全文，含结构化偏倚风险评估10-year relative survival is 95%; heart disease and second cancers are the main serious late effects.
Chemosensitive cancer
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 低 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Review late effects.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Narrative review.
- 实际发现了什么？
Multiple late effects.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Long-term check-ups and healthy lifestyle.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Narrative review without systematic search or quality appraisal; much evidence from older treatment eras.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Mixed.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
High.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Quantitative risks.
-
Tumour scar tissue can hold cancer back
Rhim AD et al.. Cancer Cell 2014 · PMID 24856585 · DOI 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.04.021动物研究独立交叉核查已核查摘要In mice, removing the scar-like stroma around pancreatic tumours made them more aggressive.
Stroma can restrain tumours; depleting it worsened disease in mice.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Test the role of tumour stroma
- 研究是如何开展的？
Mouse experiments
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
Mouse pancreatic cancer model
- 实际发现了什么？
Stroma restrains tumour growth
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Not applicable
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Fibrosis is not simply the enemy
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Animal model
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Contradicts the simple fibrosis explanation
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Low
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Cannot be applied directly to patients
-
Breaking down tumour stroma did not help patients live longer
Van Cutsem E et al.. J Clin Oncol 2020 · PMID 32706635 · DOI 10.1200/JCO.20.00590随机对照试验独立交叉核查已核查摘要A drug that degrades pancreatic tumour stroma, added to chemotherapy, did not prolong survival (11.2 vs 11.5 months).
Targeting tumour stroma did not improve survival; stroma is not the decisive cause of treatment failure.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 高 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Test stroma-degrading drug in patients
- 研究是如何开展的？
Randomised blinded trial
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
494 patients
- 实际发现了什么？
No survival gain
- 观察到的效应有多大？
HR 1.00
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
The fibrosis explanation for treatment failure did not hold up in patients
- 该研究有哪些局限？
One drug, one cancer
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Contradicts the claim's mechanism
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
High
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Does not rule out other stroma roles
-
Chemotherapy after pancreatic cancer surgery
Oettle H et al.. JAMA 2013 · PMID 24104372 · DOI 10.1001/jama.2013.279201随机对照试验独立交叉核查已核查摘要★ 关键研究Chemotherapy after surgery doubled 5-year survival (21% vs 10%) compared with surgery alone.
Chemotherapy works even in the most stroma-rich tumour type.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 高 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Test chemotherapy after pancreatic surgery
- 研究是如何开展的？
Randomised trial
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
354 patients
- 实际发现了什么？
Longer survival with chemotherapy
- 观察到的效应有多大？
5-y OS 20.7% vs 10.4%
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Even in a hard-to-treat cancer, chemotherapy saves some lives
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Open-label
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Contradicts 'chemo cannot work because of fibrosis'
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
High
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Cannot promise cure for an individual
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
结果不一或不明确的研究 (1)
-
Dense tissue around pancreatic tumours can block chemotherapy in mice
Olive KP et al.. Science 2009 · PMID 19460966 · DOI 10.1126/science.1171362动物研究独立交叉核查全文，含结构化偏倚风险评估Reducing the tumour's supporting tissue briefly let more drug reach the tumour.
Stroma can impede drug delivery in pancreatic cancer
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Test stroma as drug barrier.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Mouse experiment.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
Genetically engineered mice (groups of about 10-17) plus 18 human tumour samples.
- 实际发现了什么？
Transient better delivery.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Drug level in the tumour +60%; median survival 25 vs 11 days with the combination.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
One of several reasons some cancers resist chemotherapy.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Animal, transient.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Partial support.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
That all chemotherapy resistance is due to fibrosis; that fibrosis turns cells cancerous; any benefit in patients.
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
地区背景
德国 / 欧盟
Not region-specific: tumour biology and chemosensitivity do not depend on the country; no Europe-specific data were reviewed.
埃及
Not region-specific; no Egyptian data were reviewed. Differences in access to treatment do not change the biology.
在我的国家适用什么？
一般科学评估
基本错误 在某些肿瘤中，基质可能促成耐药，但它不是一种普遍适用的解释，也不能成为回避治疗的理由。
该说法涉及生物学或医学关系。上述科学评估不论在哪个国家都适用；各国食品数据不会改变这一评估。
参考文献
- Environment-mediated drug resistance: a major contributor to minimal residual disease.. Meads MB et al.. Nat Rev Cancer 2009 · PMID 19693095 · DOI 10.1038/nrc2714
- Tumor-Stroma Proportion to Predict Chemoresistance in Patients With Ovarian Cancer.. Lou E et al.. JAMA Netw Open 2024 · PMID 38411963 · DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0407
- Improved survival for children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia between 1990 and 2005: a report from the children's oncology group.. Hunger SP et al.. J Clin Oncol 2012 · PMID 22412151 · DOI 10.1200/JCO.2011.37.8018
- Toxicities Associated with Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Long-Term Testicular Cancer Survivors.. Fung C et al.. Adv Urol 2018 · PMID 29670654 · DOI 10.1155/2018/8671832
- Stromal elements act to restrain, rather than support, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.. Rhim AD et al.. Cancer Cell 2014 · PMID 24856585 · DOI 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.04.021
- Randomized Phase III Trial of Pegvorhyaluronidase Alfa With Nab-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine for Patients With Hyaluronan-High Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.. Van Cutsem E et al.. J Clin Oncol 2020 · PMID 32706635 · DOI 10.1200/JCO.20.00590
- Adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and long-term outcomes among patients with resected pancreatic cancer: the CONKO-001 randomized trial.. Oettle H et al.. JAMA 2013 · PMID 24104372 · DOI 10.1001/jama.2013.279201
- Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling enhances delivery of chemotherapy in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer.. Olive KP et al.. Science 2009 · PMID 19460966 · DOI 10.1126/science.1171362