可乐中的磷酸会“掏空”骨骼;每天喝可乐(含糖或无糖)的女性,髋部骨密度低3.7%。
原始表述
حمض فوسفوريك يستنزف العظام ... في دراسة عظام فرامنغهام عام 2006، النساء اللواتي يشربن كولا يومياً (سكرية أو دايت) كانت كثافة عنق عظم الفخذ لديهن أقل بنسبة 3.7%، رغم تعديل النتائج للعمر والكالسيوم وفيتامين د.
按来源为原话. 译文由本项目提供;以阿拉伯语原文为准。
译文
可乐中的磷酸会“掏空”骨骼;每天喝可乐(含糖或无糖)的女性,髋部骨密度低3.7%。
出处
- 来源状态
- 档案网站编辑
- 归属
- Archive editors (study selection and narrative are the archive's, not necessarily Elawady's)
- 出处
- https://eltayebat.com/rule/soda/
- 归属的不确定性
- The archive homepage states that the forbidden-food section is supported by research 'independently of Dr. Diaa's words'. No evidence was found that Elawady himself cited these studies.
- 所声称的机制
Phosphoric acid lowers calcium-phosphorus ratio; displacement of milk.
- 所声称的健康影响
Lower bone mineral density, osteoporosis.
- 涉及人群
Older women
- Elawady 设定的地域限制
none found
科学评估
可能错误 – 现有证据倾向于不支持该说法,但尚无定论。
证据确定性: 低 – 进一步研究很可能大幅改变该评估。
1. 说法是什么?
Cola's phosphoric acid causes bone loss.
2. 哪些内容可证实是正确的?
Tucker 2006 (A-SOD-03) found 3.7% lower femoral-neck BMD in women drinking cola daily vs <1/month; similar for diet cola; the archive reports this correctly. Soda consumption is associated with lower bone density (I-SOD-07) and more hip fractures in women (I-SOD-123, RR 1.14 per daily serving).
3. 哪些内容是错误或夸大的?
The explanation 'phosphoric acid drains the bones' is not supported: phosphoric acid without caffeine did not increase calcium loss in a controlled study (I-SOD-124), and in a large cohort colas were no worse than other sodas for hip fractures (I-SOD-123). In Tucker 2006 the association was found in women only, at hip sites but not the spine, and total phosphorus intake was not higher in daily cola drinkers. Displacement of milk and confounding are more likely explanations.
4. 哪些内容仍不明确?
Whether cola causes fractures.
5. 哪些研究支持该说法?
A-SOD-03, I-SOD-07 (association with BMD); I-SOD-123 (association with hip fracture, not cola-specific).
6. 哪些研究与该说法相矛盾?
I-SOD-124 (no calciuric effect of phosphoric acid); I-SOD-123 (no cola-specific risk); A-SOD-03 itself (no association in men or for non-cola drinks).
7. 对德国和欧洲而言情况如何?
No EU regulatory concern about phosphoric acid at authorised levels was reviewed here.
8. 关于埃及的已知情况是什么?
No Egypt-specific data.
9. 合理的实际结论是什么?
不每天喝汽水是合理的,但“可乐中的磷酸会掏空骨骼”这一具体说法缺乏支持。
评估详情
- 证据确定性的依据
The claimed mechanism was tested directly: in a randomised crossover study, phosphoric acid without caffeine did not increase urinary calcium (I-SOD-124). A cohort of 73,572 women found soda associated with hip fracture but with no difference between colas and non-colas (I-SOD-123). The cola-specific BMD finding (A-SOD-03) is cross-sectional, in women only, and the 2021 meta-analysis (I-SOD-07) concerns SSB generally. Certainty is low because long-term mechanistic data are lacking.
- 来源质量
Numbers correct; 'drains bone' is a causal mechanism not shown by the study.
- 地区可推广性
Moderate.
- 个体例外情况
Not applicable.
- 说法的地域范围
- 普遍性(生物学/医学)
- 最近审核
- 2026年10月26日 初步
科学证据详解
过度解读 – 确有真实的发现,但该说法从中引申出的结论超出了数据所能支持的范围(例如把关联当作因果、把动物数据套用到人身上、把小效应说成大效应)。
研究问题: Does phosphoric acid in cola cause bone loss, and do women drinking cola daily have lower hip bone density?
研究问题详解 (PECO)
- 人群
- Adults, especially women
- 干预或暴露
- Cola (phosphoric acid)
- 对照
- Non-cola carbonated drinks; low intake
- 地域范围
- universal
- 结局指标
- Bone mineral density
- Hip fracture
- Urinary calcium
研究结果按作者报告呈现。我们的评估见下文。
哪些证据支持该说法?
Cola and bone density in older women
Tucker 2006: daily cola associated with 3.7% lower femoral-neck BMD in women; not in men or for non-cola drinks.
- 实际结果
- 3.7% lower femoral-neck BMD.
- 方法学质量
- moderate (cross-sectional)
- 相关性
- direct
- 局限
- Cross-sectional; women only.
Soda linked to more hip fractures, cola or not
Fung 2014 (73,572 women): each daily soda associated with 14% more hip fractures.
- 实际结果
- RR 1.14 (1.06-1.23); colas and non-colas similar.
- 方法学质量
- high (cohort)
- 相关性
- indirect for the phosphoric-acid mechanism
- 局限
- Observational.
哪些证据不支持该说法?
Phosphoric acid in cola did not increase calcium loss
Heaney RP, Rafferty K. Am J Clin Nutr 2001 · PMID 11522558 · DOI 10.1093/ajcn/74.3.343 随机对照试验已核查摘要新增Heaney 2001 RCT: phosphoric acid without caffeine did not increase urinary calcium; only caffeine did, slightly.
- 实际结果
- Excess calciuria ~0.25 mmol with caffeinated drinks only.
- 方法学质量
- moderate (acute RCT)
- 相关性
- direct for mechanism
- 局限
- Acute endpoint.
总体证据说明了什么?
基于上述研究的编辑评估——其本身并非研究结果。
哪种观点有更好的证据支持?
Soda (cola and non-cola) is associated with lower bone density and more hip fractures in women, but the phosphoric-acid mechanism is not supported; milk displacement and confounding are more likely explanations.
为什么有些研究权重更大
Direct mechanistic RCT and a large cohort without cola specificity outweigh the cross-sectional cola-specific finding.
因果关系是否已确立? 尚未确立 Association without a demonstrated mechanism.
仍存在的不确定性
Causality of the association.
合理的结论
The archive's figure is correct; the explanation is not.
为什么研究结果看起来互相矛盾?
Tucker (cola-specific) vs Fung (no cola vs non-cola difference): cross-sectional BMD versus prospective fractures; different populations.
这是否取决于国家?
- 一般生物学效应
- Universal.
- 饮食习惯
- Milk displacement depends on local diet.
足以改变结论的地区差异没有可靠数据支持。
统计复核
- Log-symmetry; crude cumulative incidence – RR 1.14 symmetric; 2.5% hip fractures over up to 30 years 已重新计算
- Size of caffeine-related calciuria – ~0.25 mmol = ~10 mg calcium per test session 已重新计算
总体证据的确定性(GRADE,简化版)
- 主要结局
- Bone loss caused by phosphoric acid in cola
- 起始等级
- 低(观察性研究)
- 降级理由
- inconsistency
- indirectness
- 结果
- 低
由单名审查者参照 GRADE 方法进行的简化评估;并非正式的 GRADE 专家组评估。GRADE 评价的是针对某一结局的整体证据,而非单项研究。
检索策略
本次审查的文献检索记录(检索式采用原数据库语法)。
| 数据库 | 日期 | 检索式 | 检索目标 | 命中数 | 纳入数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PubMed | 2026年10月26日 | (soda[ti] OR cola[ti] OR soft drink*[ti] OR carbonated[ti]) AND (fracture*[ti] OR bone[ti] OR calcium[ti]) | 双向 | 131 | |
| PubMed | 2026年10月26日 | Fung TT[au] AND soda AND hip fracture | 支持性证据 | 1 | |
| PubMed | 2026年10月26日 | Heaney RP[au] AND carbonated beverages AND urinary calcium | 反对性证据 | 2 |
待解决的问题
Long-term effects of phosphoric acid intake.
核查深度如何?
4 项相关研究:0 项核查了全文(其中 0 项进行了结构化偏倚风险评估),4 项基于摘要核查,0 项仅核查了文献信息。 尚未进行由两名独立审查者完成的正式评估,也尚未进行独立的人类专家审核。
最近一次科学审核: 2026年10月26日
评定结论的变更历史
- 2026年10月25日 · 第 1 阶段 · 初始评估: 不明确 / 证据不足 (低)
- 2026年10月26日 · 第 4 阶段(系统证据审查) · 评定结论已更改: 不明确 / 证据不足 (低) → 可能错误 (低)
Changed because direct evidence on the claimed mechanism was found: an RCT showed no calciuric effect of phosphoric acid, and a large cohort showed no cola-specific fracture risk. The association between soda and bone remains, but the claim attributes it to phosphoric acid.
新来源: I-SOD-123 I-SOD-124
通俗解释
在一项美国研究中,每天喝可乐的女性髋部骨密度略低;一项针对护士的大型研究发现,喝汽水较多的女性髋部骨折更多。但可乐并不比其他汽水更糟,而且一项对照试验发现,可乐中的酸并不会使身体流失钙。因此,汽水可能只是其他习惯(例如喝牛奶较少)的一个标志,而不是酸本身损害了骨骼。
与该说法相关的研究
支持该说法的研究 (1)
-
Sugary drinks and bone density: meta-analysis
Ahn H, Park YK. Nutr J 2021 · PMID 33952276 · DOI 10.1186/s12937-021-00698-1Meta分析独立交叉核查已核查摘要Higher sugary and fizzy drink intake was linked with lower bone density in adults.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法? 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性:见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么?
Is SSB consumption associated with bone health?
- 研究是如何开展的?
Systematic review and meta-analysis (mainly observational).
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本?
26 publications; 124,691 participants (meta-analysis n=4,312); Children and adults
- 实际发现了什么?
Adults: ES -0.66 (-1.01 to -0.31); carbonated beverages ES -0.73 (-1.12 to -0.35); 18 of 20 qualitative studies supportive.
- 观察到的效应有多大?
ES -0.66
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么?
Association only.
- 该研究有哪些局限?
Observational; Small meta-analysed sample; Large SMDs suggest heterogeneity
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么?
Supports direction of C-SOD-08 (not mechanism).
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲?
Moderate.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论?
That phosphoric acid causes bone loss.
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
与该说法相矛盾或限制该说法的研究 (1)
-
Phosphoric acid in cola did not increase calcium loss
Heaney RP, Rafferty K. Am J Clin Nutr 2001 · PMID 11522558 · DOI 10.1093/ajcn/74.3.343随机对照试验独立交叉核查已核查摘要★ 关键研究In a controlled test, cola-type acid did not increase calcium in the urine; only caffeine did, and only slightly.
Phosphoric acid produced no excess urinary calcium.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法? 否 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性:见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么?
Test whether soft-drink ingredients make the body lose calcium.
- 研究是如何开展的?
Randomised crossover test of different drinks.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本?
Young women who drink soft drinks daily.
- 实际发现了什么?
Phosphoric acid had no effect; caffeine a small one.
- 观察到的效应有多大?
About 0.25 mmol extra calcium with caffeine.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么?
Cola acid does not 'drain' calcium; drinking cola instead of milk may matter more.
- 该研究有哪些局限?
Short-term test.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么?
Contradicts the mechanism of the claim.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲?
Applicable.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论?
Cannot exclude long-term effects.
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
结果不一或不明确的研究 (2)
-
Cola and bone density in older women
Tucker KL et al.. Am J Clin Nutr 2006 · PMID 17023723 · DOI 10.1093/ajcn/84.4.936横断面研究被 Tayebat 档案网站引用已核查摘要★ 关键研究Women drinking cola daily had 3.7% lower hip bone density; other fizzy drinks showed no link.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法? 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性:见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么?
Is cola consumption associated with lower BMD?
- 研究是如何开展的?
Cross-sectional analysis of BMD (DXA) by FFQ soft-drink frequency, Framingham Osteoporosis Study.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本?
1,413 women; 1,125 men; Older women and men
- 实际发现了什么?
Women: cola associated with lower BMD at each hip site (P<0.001-0.05) but not spine; daily intake 3.7% lower femoral neck and 5.4% lower Ward's area BMD; similar for diet cola; no association in men or for non-cola carbonated beverages; phosphorus intake not significantly higher in daily cola drinkers.
- 观察到的效应有多大?
-3.7% femoral neck BMD (daily vs <1/month)
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么?
Possible small effect on bone in women; not shown for other fizzy drinks.
- 该研究有哪些局限?
Cross-sectional; Effect only in women and at hip; Mechanism not demonstrated (phosphorus intake similar); Self-reported intake
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么?
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲?
Moderate.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论?
That phosphoric acid causes bone loss or fractures.
-
Soda linked to more hip fractures, cola or not
Fung TT et al.. Am J Clin Nutr 2014 · PMID 25099544 · DOI 10.3945/ajcn.114.083352队列研究独立交叉核查已核查摘要In 73,572 US nurses, each daily soda was linked to 14% more hip fractures; colas were not worse than other sodas.
Soda linked to hip fracture; no difference between colas and non-colas.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法? 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 高 · 证据确定性:见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么?
Examine soda and hip fractures.
- 研究是如何开展的?
Prospective cohort over up to 30 years.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本?
73,572 women; 1873 fractures.
- 实际发现了什么?
More soda, more fractures; regular and diet alike; cola not special.
- 观察到的效应有多大?
RR 1.14 per serving/day.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么?
Soda may be a marker of risk; phosphoric acid not shown to be the cause.
- 该研究有哪些局限?
Observational.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么?
Weakens the phosphoric-acid explanation.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲?
Applicable.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论?
Cannot prove causation.
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
地区背景
德国 / 欧盟
No EU regulatory concern about phosphoric acid at authorised levels was reviewed here.
埃及
No Egypt-specific data.
在我的国家适用什么?
一般科学评估
可能错误 按其表述很可能是错误的:汽水与女性骨骼较弱相关,但磷酸这一解释与直接证据相矛盾。
以下食品安全领域与该说法相关:
- 添加剂与加工
- 监管、进口、召回、标签
蜂蜜、糖、甜食
选择一个国家,查看针对该国已核查的信息。
局限:法律规则描述的是允许什么,而不是每一种食品实际含有什么。检测数据来自样本,只有结合其方法细节才有意义。
参考文献
- Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. Ahn H, Park YK. Nutr J 2021 · PMID 33952276 · DOI 10.1186/s12937-021-00698-1
- Carbonated beverages and urinary calcium excretion.. Heaney RP, Rafferty K. Am J Clin Nutr 2001 · PMID 11522558 · DOI 10.1093/ajcn/74.3.343
- Colas, but not other carbonated beverages, are associated with low bone mineral density in older women: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study.. Tucker KL et al.. Am J Clin Nutr 2006 · PMID 17023723 · DOI 10.1093/ajcn/84.4.936
- Soda consumption and risk of hip fractures in postmenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study.. Fung TT et al.. Am J Clin Nutr 2014 · PMID 25099544 · DOI 10.3945/ajcn.114.083352