所有各类碳酸水（包括无糖苏打水）都有害，必须避免。
原始表述
مياه غازية بجميع أنواعها
按来源为原话. 译文由本项目提供；以阿拉伯语原文为准。
译文
所有各类碳酸水（包括无糖苏打水）都有害，必须避免。
出处
- 来源状态
- 第三方网站（非官方）
- 归属
- Third-party site altayybat.com (unofficial; lowest attribution level)
- 出处
- https://altayybat.com/ar/
- 归属的不确定性
- The site states that it is unofficial. Items may not reflect Elawady's own lists.
- 所声称的机制
Carbon dioxide in water disturbs stomach acidity and enzymes (Elawady).
- 所声称的健康影响
Digestive harm.
- 涉及人群
Everyone
- Elawady 设定的地域限制
none found
来源版本存在差异
- 来源状态
- 档案网站食物清单
- 归属
- Archive food guide ('Carbonated drinks — Avoid')
- 出处
- https://eltayebat.com/en/foods/
- 归属的不确定性
- Food list without source video.
اخر وصيه ليك اسوا مشروب اخترعه البني ادم على وجه الارض من يوم ما اتخلق لحد النهارده المياه الغازيه
My last advice to you: the worst drink that humans have invented on the face of the earth, from the day they were created until today, is carbonated water.
- 来源状态
- 视频转录文本（本人原话）
- 归属
- Elawady (machine transcript)
- 视频
- الجن . آلام العمود الفقري . الحقيقه والسراب (打开来源)
- 发布日期
- 2025年11月26日
- 时间戳
- 0:42:34 (在原视频 YouTube 自动字幕轨中的位置；可确认该内容出现的位置，但不能确认说话人是谁)
- 归属的不确定性
- Archive transcript (YouTube CC or AI-generated); no timestamps; wording may contain speech-recognition errors; speaker turns are not marked, the excerpt was judged to be Elawady's own speech from context.
科学评估
基本错误 – 该说法的主要部分没有证据支持，或被严重夸大。
证据确定性: 低 – 进一步研究很可能大幅改变该评估。
1. 说法是什么？
Every carbonated water is harmful.
2. 哪些内容可证实是正确的？
Carbonation can cause belching and bloating in some people.
3. 哪些内容是错误或夸大的？
Plain carbonated water contains no sugar or sweetener; the main harms documented for soft drinks (sugar-related) do not apply. Tucker 2006 found no BMD association for non-cola carbonated beverages; Cuomo 2002 found improved dyspepsia and constipation scores with carbonated water vs tap water (small RCT).
4. 哪些内容仍不明确？
Long-term effects of high intake of plain carbonated water are little studied.
5. 哪些研究支持该说法？
None.
6. 哪些研究与该说法相矛盾？
7. 对德国和欧洲而言情况如何？
Carbonated mineral waters are commonly consumed in Germany; no regulatory health concern was identified in this review.
8. 关于埃及的已知情况是什么？
No Egypt-specific data.
9. 合理的实际结论是什么？
对于能够耐受的人来说，无糖苏打水是含糖饮料的合理替代品。
评估详情
- 证据确定性的依据
No evidence of harm from plain carbonated water was found; the bone association in Framingham was specific to cola and absent for other carbonated drinks; a small RCT found symptom improvement in dyspepsia; GERD review found no direct harm. Evidence on plain sparkling water is limited.
- 来源质量
Third-party list wording ('all kinds'); the archive food guide lists 'carbonated drinks' as avoided; Elawady explicitly argues the carbonated water itself is the problem.
- 地区可推广性
Universal.
- 个体例外情况
Some people experience bloating or belching from carbonation and may avoid it.
- 说法的地域范围
- 普遍性（生物学/医学）
- 最近审核
- 2026年10月26日 初步
科学证据详解
缺乏高质量证据支持 – 没有良好证据支持该说法；但仅凭这一点并不能证明它是错误的。
研究问题: Is plain carbonated (sparkling) water harmful to health, so that it must be avoided?
研究问题详解 (PICO)
- 人群
- General population
- 干预或暴露
- Plain carbonated water
- 对照
- Still water
- 地域范围
- universal
- 结局指标
- Gastrointestinal symptoms
- Dental erosion
- Bone
- Adverse events
研究结果按作者报告呈现。我们的评估见下文。
哪些证据支持该说法？
未发现支持该说法的高质量证据。
哪些证据不支持该说法？
Sparkling water for 12 weeks caused no harm
12-week RCT: 500 mL/day carbonated water vs still water in healthy adults; no beverage-related adverse events and small favourable changes.
- 实际结果
- Weight -0.72 kg (-1.37 to -0.07); snacking -1.49/week; no adverse events.
- 方法学质量
- moderate (small open-label RCT)
- 相关性
- direct
- 局限
- Small; exploratory outcomes.
Sparkling water for indigestion
Cuomo R et al.. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002 · PMID 12352219 · DOI 10.1097/00042737-200209000-00010 随机对照试验已核查摘要RCT in functional dyspepsia: carbonated water improved dyspepsia and constipation scores.
- 实际结果
- Dyspepsia 7.9 -> 5.4; constipation 16.0 -> 12.1.
- 方法学质量
- low-moderate (small RCT)
- 相关性
- direct
- 局限
- 21 patients.
Sparkling mineral water barely affects tooth enamel
Parry J et al.. J Oral Rehabil 2001 · PMID 11556958 · DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00795.x 实验室 / 细胞研究已核查摘要新增In vitro: sparkling mineral water about 100 times less erosive than soft drinks; carbonation per se not an important erosive factor.
- 实际结果
- Dissolution ~1/100 of soft drinks.
- 方法学质量
- moderate (laboratory)
- 相关性
- indirect
- 局限
- In vitro.
总体证据说明了什么？
基于上述研究的编辑评估——其本身并非研究结果。
哪种观点有更好的证据支持？
No evidence shows that plain sparkling water harms health; small trials show tolerance and some symptom benefit. People with reflux or bloating may individually prefer still water.
为什么有些研究权重更大
Randomised trials and laboratory data versus no supporting human data; evidence base is small.
因果关系是否已确立？ 尚未确立 No harm demonstrated.
仍存在的不确定性
Long-term data; people with GERD.
合理的结论
A blanket ban is not supported.
为什么研究结果看起来互相矛盾？
这是否取决于国家？
- 一般生物学效应
- Universal.
- 食品原产地
- Mineral content varies by source.
足以改变结论的地区差异没有可靠数据支持。
统计复核
- CI checks for weight and snacking differences – Symmetric at week 12; week-4 snacking CI asymmetric (-2.82 to -0.28 around -1.39), suggesting a non-normal/adjusted method 已重新计算
总体证据的确定性（GRADE，简化版）
- 主要结局
- Adverse health effects of plain carbonated water
- 起始等级
- 高（随机试验）
- 降级理由
- imprecision (small trials)
- indirectness (short duration)
- 结果
- 低
由单名审查者参照 GRADE 方法进行的简化评估；并非正式的 GRADE 专家组评估。GRADE 评价的是针对某一结局的整体证据，而非单项研究。
检索策略
本次审查的文献检索记录（检索式采用原数据库语法）。
| 数据库 | 日期 | 检索式 | 检索目标 | 命中数 | 纳入数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PubMed | 2026年10月26日 | (carbonated water[tiab] OR sparkling water[tiab] OR carbonated mineral water[tiab]) AND (adverse[tiab] OR harm*[tiab] OR safety[tiab] OR bone[tiab] OR reflux[tiab]) | 支持性证据 | 33 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | ("carbonated water" OR "sparkling water" OR "sparkling mineral water" OR "carbonated mineral water") AND (randomized OR randomised OR trial OR crossover) | 双向 | 635 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | ("sparkling water" OR "carbonated water" OR "sparkling mineral water") AND (erosion OR enamel OR "dental erosion") | 反对性证据 | 122 | |
| PubMed | 2026年10月26日 | Parry J[au] AND mineral waters AND erosion | 反对性证据 | 2 | |
| PubMed | 2026年10月26日 | (carbonated water[ti] OR sparkling water[ti]) AND (constipation OR dyspepsia OR satiety OR gastric emptying OR swallowing) | 双向 | 13 |
待解决的问题
Long-term effects in people with GERD or irritable bowel syndrome.
核查深度如何？
7 项相关研究：0 项核查了全文（其中 0 项进行了结构化偏倚风险评估），7 项基于摘要核查，0 项仅核查了文献信息。 尚未进行由两名独立审查者完成的正式评估，也尚未进行独立的人类专家审核。
最近一次科学审核: 2026年10月26日
通俗解释
该体系禁止所有碳酸饮料，包括普通苏打水。本文审阅的研究中，没有一项显示无糖苏打水有害。它带来的问题最多是部分人出现打嗝或腹胀。一项小型试验甚至发现，它有助于缓解消化不良和便秘。
与该说法相关的研究
支持该说法的研究 (0)
该组中没有研究。
与该说法相矛盾或限制该说法的研究 (7)
-
Cola and bone density in older women
Tucker KL et al.. Am J Clin Nutr 2006 · PMID 17023723 · DOI 10.1093/ajcn/84.4.936横断面研究被 Tayebat 档案网站引用已核查摘要★ 关键研究Women drinking cola daily had 3.7% lower hip bone density; other fizzy drinks showed no link.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Is cola consumption associated with lower BMD?
- 研究是如何开展的？
Cross-sectional analysis of BMD (DXA) by FFQ soft-drink frequency, Framingham Osteoporosis Study.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
1,413 women; 1,125 men; Older women and men
- 实际发现了什么？
Women: cola associated with lower BMD at each hip site (P<0.001-0.05) but not spine; daily intake 3.7% lower femoral neck and 5.4% lower Ward's area BMD; similar for diet cola; no association in men or for non-cola carbonated beverages; phosphorus intake not significantly higher in daily cola drinkers.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
-3.7% femoral neck BMD (daily vs <1/month)
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Possible small effect on bone in women; not shown for other fizzy drinks.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Cross-sectional; Effect only in women and at hip; Mechanism not demonstrated (phosphorus intake similar); Self-reported intake
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Moderate.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
That phosphoric acid causes bone loss or fractures.
-
Fizzy drinks and reflux: systematic review
Johnson T et al.. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010 · PMID 20055784 · DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04232.x系统综述独立交叉核查已核查摘要★ 关键研究Fizzy drinks briefly lower acidity in the food pipe, but there is no direct evidence that they cause reflux disease.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Do carbonated beverages affect oesophageal pH, motility, damage, GERD symptoms and complications?
- 研究是如何开展的？
Systematic review (qualitative).
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
Not stated in abstract; Not stated in abstract
- 实际发现了什么？
Very short decline in intra-oesophageal pH; possible transient reduction of LES basal pressure; no evidence of direct oesophageal damage; not consistently shown to cause GERD symptoms; no evidence of GERD complications or oesophageal cancer.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Not pooled
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Fizzy drinks are not a proven cause of reflux disease.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Old (2010); Limited primary evidence; No meta-analysis
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
High.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
That nobody gets symptoms from them.
-
Sparkling water for indigestion
Cuomo R et al.. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002 · PMID 12352219 · DOI 10.1097/00042737-200209000-00010随机对照试验独立交叉核查已核查摘要In a small trial, sparkling water improved indigestion and constipation compared with tap water.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 低 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Effect of carbonated water in functional dyspepsia and constipation.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Double-blind randomized trial, ~15 days.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
21 (10 carbonated, 11 tap water); Patients with dyspepsia and secondary constipation
- 实际发现了什么？
Dyspepsia score 7.9 -> 5.4 with carbonated water (unchanged with tap water); constipation score 16.0 -> 12.1; satiety reduced; gallbladder emptying improved.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Dyspepsia score 7.9 -> 5.4
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Plain sparkling water is not shown to harm digestion.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Very small; Short; Within-group analyses
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
High.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
General benefit.
-
Sparkling water for 12 weeks caused no harm
Hashimoto H et al.. Sci Rep 2026 · PMID 42106408 · DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-51479-x随机对照试验独立交叉核查已核查摘要★ 关键研究In a 12-week trial in 45 Japanese adults, drinking 500 mL of sparkling water daily caused no adverse effects and was linked to less snacking.
No adverse events; small favourable changes over 12 weeks.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Test the effect of daily sparkling water on eating and health markers.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Randomised trial: sparkling vs still water for 12 weeks.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
45 healthy adults.
- 实际发现了什么？
Less snacking and alcohol, slightly lower weight and liver enzymes; no side effects.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Weight -0.72 kg (-1.37 to -0.07).
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Plain sparkling water appears safe for healthy adults.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Small, open-label, many outcomes.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Contradicts the claim that all sparkling water must be avoided.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Applicable.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Cannot show benefits are real; exploratory.
-
Sparkling mineral water barely affects tooth enamel
Parry J et al.. J Oral Rehabil 2001 · PMID 11556958 · DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00795.x实验室 / 细胞研究独立交叉核查已核查摘要In laboratory tests, sparkling mineral waters dissolved tooth enamel about 100 times less than soft drinks.
Sparkling mineral water ~100x less erosive than soft drinks in vitro.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Compare tooth-dissolving potential of waters and soft drinks.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Laboratory tests on extracted teeth.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
Not applicable.
- 实际发现了什么？
Mineral waters were barely erosive; carbonation added little.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
~100x less dissolution than soft drinks.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Plain sparkling water is much kinder to teeth than soft drinks.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Laboratory only.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Contradicts a blanket ban on sparkling water.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Applicable.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Cannot predict effects in every mouth.
-
Sparkling water eased constipation after stroke
Mun JH, Jun SS. J Korean Acad Nurs 2011 · PMID 21551998 · DOI 10.4040/jkan.2011.41.2.269随机对照试验独立交叉核查已核查摘要In a small Korean trial, elderly stroke patients drinking carbonated water for two weeks had more frequent bowel movements than those drinking tap water.
Carbonated water improved constipation in elderly stroke patients.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 低 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Test carbonated water for constipation.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Small randomised trial, two weeks.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
34 analysed elderly stroke patients.
- 实际发现了什么？
Better bowel frequency and fewer symptoms.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Not reported in abstract.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Sparkling water may help digestion rather than harm it.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Very small and short.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Contradicts a blanket ban.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Moderate.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Cannot generalise to all people.
-
Colas are strongly acidic; sparkling water is not
Reddy A et al.. J Am Dent Assoc 2016 · PMID 26653863 · DOI 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.10.019检测 / 残留研究独立交叉核查已核查摘要★ 关键研究Measured pH: Pepsi 2.39 and Coca-Cola 2.37 (strongly acidic), plain sparkling mineral water 5.25.
Plain sparkling water pH ~5.2.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Measure acidity of beverages.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Laboratory pH measurements.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
379 beverages.
- 实际发现了什么？
Most drinks are acidic; colas among the most acidic; sparkling mineral water much less.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Pepsi pH 2.39; Perrier 5.25.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Cola is acidic and erosive to teeth; it cannot neutralise stomach acid.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
pH alone does not determine erosion.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Contradicts the bicarbonate claim; supports tooth-damage claim.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Same brands sold in Europe and Egypt.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Cannot measure effects inside the body.
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
结果不一或不明确的研究 (0)
该组中没有研究。
地区背景
德国 / 欧盟
Carbonated mineral waters are commonly consumed in Germany; no regulatory health concern was identified in this review.
埃及
No Egypt-specific data.
在我的国家适用什么？
一般科学评估
基本错误 全面禁止普通苏打水缺乏证据支持。
以下食品安全领域与该说法相关：
- 添加剂与加工
蜂蜜、糖、甜食
选择一个国家，查看针对该国已核查的信息。
局限：法律规则描述的是允许什么，而不是每一种食品实际含有什么。检测数据来自样本，只有结合其方法细节才有意义。
参考文献
- Colas, but not other carbonated beverages, are associated with low bone mineral density in older women: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study.. Tucker KL et al.. Am J Clin Nutr 2006 · PMID 17023723 · DOI 10.1093/ajcn/84.4.936
- Systematic review: the effects of carbonated beverages on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.. Johnson T et al.. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010 · PMID 20055784 · DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04232.x
- Effects of carbonated water on functional dyspepsia and constipation.. Cuomo R et al.. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002 · PMID 12352219 · DOI 10.1097/00042737-200209000-00010
- Randomized trial of carbonated water consumption on snacking behavior, alcohol intake, and health indices in healthy Japanese adults.. Hashimoto H et al.. Sci Rep 2026 · PMID 42106408 · DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-51479-x
- Investigation of mineral waters and soft drinks in relation to dental erosion.. Parry J et al.. J Oral Rehabil 2001 · PMID 11556958 · DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00795.x
- [Effects of carbonated water intake on constipation in elderly patients following a cerebrovascular accident].. Mun JH, Jun SS. J Korean Acad Nurs 2011 · PMID 21551998 · DOI 10.4040/jkan.2011.41.2.269
- The pH of beverages in the United States.. Reddy A et al.. J Am Dent Assoc 2016 · PMID 26653863 · DOI 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.10.019