在 Tayyibat 体系下，吃白砂糖完全不会使胰岛素升高。
原始表述
انا استحاله على نظام الطيبات لو بلبت السكر انسولينك يعلى سنتي
按来源为原话. 译文由本项目提供；以阿拉伯语原文为准。
译文
在 Tayyibat 体系下，吃白砂糖完全不会使胰岛素升高。
出处
- 来源状态
- 视频转录文本（本人原话）
- 归属
- Elawady (machine transcript)
- 视频
- Dr Diaa Al Awady د ضياء العوضي is live! مقاومة أنسولين (打开来源)
- 发布日期
- 2025年6月29日
- 时间戳
- 0:03:35 (在原视频 YouTube 自动字幕轨中的位置；可确认该内容出现的位置，但不能确认说话人是谁)
- 归属的不确定性
- Machine/CC transcript; wording may contain transcription errors.
- 所声称的机制
Insulin is raised by flour 'blockage', not by sugar.
- 所声称的健康影响
No insulin response to sugar.
- 涉及人群
Followers of the system
- Elawady 设定的地域限制
none found
科学评估
错误 – 该说法与可靠证据相矛盾。
证据确定性: 高 – 进一步研究极不可能改变该评估。
1. 说法是什么？
Sugar does not raise insulin on this diet.
2. 哪些内容可证实是正确的？
An insulin rise after sugar is a normal response and not harmful in itself in healthy people.
3. 哪些内容是错误或夸大的？
Sugar ingestion raises blood glucose and insulin regardless of the rest of the diet (I-SUG-07). No mechanism exists by which avoiding flour would abolish this response.
4. 哪些内容仍不明确？
None material.
5. 哪些研究支持该说法？
None.
6. 哪些研究与该说法相矛盾？
I-SUG-07 and I-SUG-101 (randomised crossover trials: sucrose drinks produced large early glucose and insulin rises in healthy adults); I-SUG-102 (sucrose meals raised glucose like starch and produced insulin peaks similar to other carbohydrates).
7. 对德国和欧洲而言情况如何？
Not region-specific.
8. 关于埃及的已知情况是什么？
Not region-specific.
9. 合理的实际结论是什么？
监测血糖的人应当预料到糖会使血糖升高。
评估详情
- 证据确定性的依据
Basic physiology: ingested glucose/sucrose stimulates insulin secretion in people with functioning beta cells; a randomized crossover trial in healthy adults found that a sucrose-sweetened cola produced the highest insulin response compared with carbonated water and sweetener drinks.
- 来源质量
Own words (machine transcript).
- 地区可推广性
Universal.
- 个体例外情况
People with type 1 diabetes produce little or no insulin, so their blood glucose rises sharply without an insulin response.
- 说法的地域范围
- 普遍性（生物学/医学）
- 最近审核
- 2026年10月26日 初步
科学证据详解
已被科学证据否定 – 高质量证据显示情况恰恰相反，或该说法与已确立的生理学知识相矛盾。
研究问题: Does eating white sugar (sucrose) raise insulin in people with functioning beta cells, regardless of the overall diet followed?
研究问题详解 (PICO)
- 人群
- Healthy adults and people with type 2 diabetes with residual insulin secretion; people with type 1 diabetes for glucose effects
- 干预或暴露
- Ingestion of sucrose (white sugar)
- 对照
- Water, non-nutritive sweeteners, other carbohydrates
- 地域范围
- universal biology
- 结局指标
- Plasma insulin
- Plasma glucose
研究结果按作者报告呈现。我们的评估见下文。
哪些证据支持该说法？
未发现支持该说法的高质量证据。
哪些证据不支持该说法？
Sugar drink raises insulin quickly
In a randomised crossover trial, a 65 g sucrose drink produced large early spikes in blood glucose and insulin in healthy men.
- 实际结果
- Large glucose and insulin spikes in the first hour after sucrose; NNS drinks did not produce them (3-h AUC similar because of later lunch).
- 方法学质量
- moderate (small RCT)
- 相关性
- direct
- 局限
- 30 healthy men only; acute.
Sugar cola vs diet cola vs sparkling water: blood sugar and insulin
Randomised crossover trial: a sucrose-sweetened cola produced the highest glucose and insulin responses versus carbonated water and sweetener drinks.
- 实际结果
- Significant glucose and insulin increases at 30 min (P<0.001) after sucrose only.
- 方法学质量
- moderate (small RCT)
- 相关性
- direct
- 局限
- 20 healthy adults; acute.
Sugar in a meal acts like starch
Sucrose meals raised glucose like starch meals and produced insulin peaks similar to other carbohydrates in healthy and type 2 subjects.
- 实际结果
- No significant difference in peak insulin between sucrose and other carbohydrate meals.
- 方法学质量
- moderate
- 相关性
- direct (shows sucrose behaves like other carbohydrates)
- 局限
- Small, 1983.
总体证据说明了什么？
基于上述研究的编辑评估——其本身并非研究结果。
哪种观点有更好的证据支持？
Sugar raises insulin in everyone with functioning beta cells; no diet abolishes this response.
为什么有些研究权重更大
Randomised human feeding studies and basic physiology agree; the honest supporting search found no study reporting absent insulin response to sucrose.
因果关系是否已确立？ 是，已确立 Sucrose is hydrolysed to glucose and fructose; glucose stimulates insulin secretion.
仍存在的不确定性
None relevant.
合理的结论
This claim is false.
这是否取决于国家？
- 一般生物学效应
- Universal physiology.
足以改变结论的地区差异没有可靠数据支持。
统计复核
- Interpretation of equal 3-h AUC despite early sucrose spike – Equal AUC reflects the later lunch response after NNS drinks; it does not imply absent insulin response to sugar 无法根据已发表数据重新计算
总体证据的确定性（GRADE，简化版）
- 主要结局
- Insulin response to sucrose ingestion
- 起始等级
- 高（随机试验）
- 结果
- 高
由单名审查者参照 GRADE 方法进行的简化评估；并非正式的 GRADE 专家组评估。GRADE 评价的是针对某一结局的整体证据，而非单项研究。
已核查的临床指南和官方声明
- ADA: 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026 (I-ODD-16) (2026) · 原始文献
Rec. 9.1 (A): treat most adults with type 1 diabetes with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple daily doses of prandial and basal insulin; 9.3: match mealtime insulin to carbohydrate intake.
检索策略
本次审查的文献检索记录（检索式采用原数据库语法）。
| 数据库 | 日期 | 检索式 | 检索目标 | 命中数 | 纳入数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | (sucrose OR "table sugar") AND ("does not increase insulin" OR "no insulin response" OR "did not increase insulin" OR "no increase in insulin") | 支持性证据 | 4277 | |
| PubMed | 2026年10月26日 | (sucrose[tiab] OR sugar[tiab]) AND (insulin secretion[tiab] OR insulin response[tiab]) AND (no change[tiab] OR unchanged[tiab] OR "did not increase"[tiab]) AND humans[mh] | 支持性证据 | 14 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | TITLE:(sucrose) AND TITLE:(insulin) AND (postprandial OR "insulin response") AND (healthy OR normal) AND (crossover OR randomized) | 反对性证据 | 18 | |
| PubMed | 2026年10月26日 | Bantle JP[au] AND sucrose AND postprandial | 反对性证据 | 5 | |
| PubMed | 2026年10月26日 | (sucrose[ti] OR sugar[ti]) AND (insulin[ti]) AND (healthy[tiab]) AND (randomized controlled trial[pt] OR crossover[tiab]) | 反对性证据 | 12 |
待解决的问题
None.
核查深度如何？
3 项相关研究：0 项核查了全文（其中 0 项进行了结构化偏倚风险评估），3 项基于摘要核查，0 项仅核查了文献信息。 尚未进行由两名独立审查者完成的正式评估，也尚未进行独立的人类专家审核。
最近一次科学审核: 2026年10月26日
通俗解释
Diaa 医生说，在他的体系下，糖不会使胰岛素升高。实际上，吃糖会使血糖升高，胰腺随之释放胰岛素；一项使用含糖可乐的研究在健康成年人中恰恰显示了这一点。这是正常的生理现象，与是否避免面粉无关。
与该说法相关的研究
支持该说法的研究 (0)
该组中没有研究。
与该说法相矛盾或限制该说法的研究 (3)
-
Sugar cola vs diet cola vs sparkling water: blood sugar and insulin
Galicia-Ayala C et al.. Nutrition 2026 · PMID 41016269 · DOI 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112938随机对照试验独立交叉核查已核查摘要Sugar-sweetened cola raised blood sugar and insulin most; diet cola and sparkling water did not.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Acute glucose and hormone responses to sucrose vs NNS colas.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Randomized crossover trial, 4 beverages, 7-day washout.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
20; Healthy adults
- 实际发现了什么？
Sucrose beverage elicited the highest glucose and insulin responses with significant increases at 30 min (P<0.001); aspartame/acesulfame-K and carbonated water showed no significant differences in glucose or hormones.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Significant rise at 30 min
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Sugar raises insulin in healthy people.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Small; Acute only
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
High (physiology).
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Long-term effects.
-
Sugar drink raises insulin quickly
Tey SL et al.. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017 · PMID 27956737 · DOI 10.1038/ijo.2016.225随机对照试验独立交叉核查已核查摘要★ 关键研究A drink with 65 g of table sugar caused large rises in blood sugar and insulin within the first hour in 30 healthy men.
Sucrose drink caused large early glucose and insulin spikes in healthy men.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Compare blood sugar and insulin after sugar-sweetened and sweetener-sweetened drinks.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Each man drank four different drinks on separate days in random order; blood was taken repeatedly.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
30 healthy men in Singapore.
- 实际发现了什么？
The sugar drink caused large early spikes in glucose and insulin.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Statistical tests on time courses; 3-h totals similar because of the later lunch.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Eating or drinking sugar makes the body release insulin; this is normal physiology.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Small, men only, short-term.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Contradicts the claim that sugar does not raise insulin.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Applies everywhere; physiology does not differ by country.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Cannot say anything about long-term health effects of sweeteners.
-
Sugar in a meal acts like starch
Bantle JP et al.. N Engl J Med 1983 · PMID 6343873 · DOI 10.1056/NEJM198307073090102其他独立交叉核查已核查摘要In 1983, meals containing table sugar raised blood sugar about as much as meals with potato or wheat starch, in healthy people and people with diabetes.
Sucrose meals raised glucose like other carbohydrate meals; insulin responses in healthy and type 2 subjects were similar to other carbohydrates.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Test whether the type of carbohydrate changes blood sugar and insulin after a meal.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Participants ate five meals that differed only in the type of carbohydrate.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
10 healthy adults, 12 with type 1 and 10 with type 2 diabetes.
- 实际发现了什么？
Sucrose meals did not raise blood sugar more than starch meals; insulin peaks were similar.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
No significant differences between sucrose and starch meals.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
A small amount of sugar inside a balanced meal is handled like other carbohydrates.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Short single-meal tests; old study; small groups.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Supports including some sugar in a meal plan; gives no support for stopping insulin.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Physiology applies in Europe and Egypt.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Cannot show that large sugar intakes or stopping insulin are safe.
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
结果不一或不明确的研究 (0)
该组中没有研究。
地区背景
德国 / 欧盟
Not region-specific.
埃及
Not region-specific.
在我的国家适用什么？
一般科学评估
错误 错误：只要胰岛素分泌功能正常，糖会使每个人的胰岛素升高。
以下食品安全领域与该说法相关：
- 添加剂与加工
蜂蜜、糖、甜食
选择一个国家，查看针对该国已核查的信息。
局限：法律规则描述的是允许什么，而不是每一种食品实际含有什么。检测数据来自样本，只有结合其方法细节才有意义。
参考文献
- Enteroendocrine hormonal response after the ingestion of cola beverages with sucrose and non-nutritive sweeteners in healthy adults: A randomized crossover trial.. Galicia-Ayala C et al.. Nutrition 2026 · PMID 41016269 · DOI 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112938
- Effects of aspartame-, monk fruit-, stevia- and sucrose-sweetened beverages on postprandial glucose, insulin and energy intake.. Tey SL et al.. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017 · PMID 27956737 · DOI 10.1038/ijo.2016.225
- Postprandial glucose and insulin responses to meals containing different carbohydrates in normal and diabetic subjects.. Bantle JP et al.. N Engl J Med 1983 · PMID 6343873 · DOI 10.1056/NEJM198307073090102