因良性疾病行子宫切除术时同时切除双侧卵巢,会增加全因死亡率、冠心病和肺癌——大约每九例手术多一例死亡(Parker 2013,Nurses' Health Study)。
原始表述
باركر في Nurses' Health Study على 30,117 ممرضة وثّق ارتفاع الوفيات الكلية ومرض الشريان التاجي وسرطان الرئة بعد استئصال المبيضين الثنائي لمرض حميد.
按来源为原话. 译文由本项目提供;以阿拉伯语原文为准。
译文
因良性疾病行子宫切除术时同时切除双侧卵巢,会增加全因死亡率、冠心病和肺癌——大约每九例手术多一例死亡(Parker 2013,Nurses' Health Study)。
出处
- 来源状态
- 档案网站编辑
- 归属
- Archive editors (eltayebat.com); not necessarily Elawady's own words
- 出处
- https://eltayebat.com/rule/unnecessary-organ-removal/
- 归属的不确定性
- Editorial summary/narrative and study selection written by the archive operators; the archive states that the cited research documents harm independently of Dr. Diaa's words.
- 所声称的机制
Loss of ovarian hormones.
- 所声称的健康影响
Higher mortality, CHD, lung cancer.
- 涉及人群
Women undergoing benign hysterectomy
- Elawady 设定的地域限制
not applicable
科学评估
基本正确 – 核心内容正确,但有局限或细微不准确之处。
证据确定性: 低 – 进一步研究很可能大幅改变该评估。
1. 说法是什么?
Oophorectomy raises mortality, CHD and lung cancer; NNH about 9.
2. 哪些内容可证实是正确的?
All-cause death 16.8% vs 13.3% (HR 1.13); in women <50 never using estrogen HR 1.41 with NNH 8 (A-ORG-13); multimorbidity HR 1.22 (A-ORG-15); meta-analysis: total CVD HR 1.18, CHD 1.17 (I-ORG-10).
3. 哪些内容是错误或夸大的?
The NNH '9' is not reported; the paper's NNH (8) is restricted to a subgroup and does not apply to all women. Oophorectomy also reduced ovarian cancer deaths (4 vs 44). In the meta-analysis (I-ORG-10), excess all-cause mortality was seen only for BSO before age 50 (HR 1.22, I2 85%) and not after 50 (HR 0.98, 0.91-1.05); lung cancer was not among the pooled outcomes, and no 'one extra death per nine operations' figure is supported; the same review reports strong reductions in ovarian cancer (HR 0.11) and breast cancer before 45 (HR 0.78).
4. 哪些内容仍不明确?
Causality (reasons for oophorectomy unknown).
5. 哪些研究支持该说法?
6. 哪些研究与该说法相矛盾?
I-ORG-10 (mortality heterogeneity; breast cancer benefit).
7. 对德国和欧洲而言情况如何?
Most cited cohorts are Scandinavian (Denmark, Sweden) and directly European; RCTs from the UK and Finland are directly transferable. Guidelines in Europe also emphasize defined indications (not verified here in detail).
8. 关于埃及的已知情况是什么?
No Egypt-specific data on rates or outcomes of tonsillectomy, cholecystectomy, hysterectomy, splenectomy or thyroid surgery were identified in this review.
9. 合理的实际结论是什么?
较年轻女性在良性子宫切除术时切除健康卵巢会带来长期代价;应因人而异地作出决定。
评估详情
- 证据确定性的依据
Consistent observational evidence and a meta-analysis for CVD; mortality evidence heterogeneous; NNH misquoted.
- 来源质量
Direction correct. 'One extra death per nine operations' is not in the paper; NNH 8 applies only to women <50 who never used estrogen.
- 地区可推广性
US data; European registers similar for CVD.
- 个体例外情况
No excess mortality among estrogen users in Parker; oophorectomy lowers ovarian and (before 47.5) breast cancer death; women with high genetic risk (e.g., BRCA) are a different situation.
- 说法的地域范围
- 普遍性(生物学/医学)
- 最近审核
- 2026年10月26日 初步
科学证据详解
仅在特定条件下成立 – 该说法仅在特定剂量、特定人群、特定制备方式或特定情况下成立。
研究问题: In women undergoing hysterectomy for benign disease, does bilateral oophorectomy (vs ovarian conservation) increase all-cause mortality, coronary disease and lung cancer, by about one extra death per nine operations?
研究问题详解 (PECO)
- 人群
- Women undergoing hysterectomy for benign disease
- 干预或暴露
- Bilateral (salpingo-)oophorectomy
- 对照
- Ovarian conservation
- 地域范围
- universal biology; age- and estrogen-dependent
- 结局指标
- All-cause mortality
- CHD
- Lung cancer
研究结果按作者报告呈现。我们的评估见下文。
哪些证据支持该说法?
Removing ovaries at hysterectomy and long-term survival
Cusimano 2021 Ontario cohort (200,549 women): BSO before 50 linked to higher all-cause mortality.
- 实际结果
- HR 1.31 (1.18-1.45) < 45, NNH 71 at 20 years; HR 1.16 at 45-49.
- 方法学质量
- high (population cohort, full text)
- 相关性
- direct
- 局限
- Observational; no effect >= 50.
Nurses' Health Study: removing both ovaries at hysterectomy
Parker 2013 Nurses' Health Study: all-cause death 16.8% vs 13.3% over 28 years.
- 实际结果
- HR 1.13 (1.06-1.21); NNH 8 only in < 50 never-users of estrogen.
- 方法学质量
- moderate (cohort, full text)
- 相关性
- direct
- 局限
- Self-reported surgery.
Meta-analysis: removing ovaries at hysterectomy
Hassan H et al.. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024 · PMID 37364803 · DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.06.043 Meta分析全文,含结构化偏倚风险评估Meta-analysis: CVD and CHD increased after BSO under 50.
- 实际结果
- CHD < 50 HR 1.17 (1.10-1.25).
- 方法学质量
- moderate (MA, full text)
- 相关性
- direct
- 局限
- Observational.
哪些证据不支持该说法?
Ovary removal and death rates in Californian teachers
Duan L et al.. Fertil Steril 2012 · PMID 22088205 · DOI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.10.004 队列研究已核查摘要新增California Teachers Study: no increased mortality after surgical menopause.
- 实际结果
- All-cause RR 0.86-0.87.
- 方法学质量
- moderate (cohort)
- 相关性
- indirect (natural menopause comparator)
- 局限
- Survivor bias.
Removing ovaries at hysterectomy and long-term survival
Same Ontario cohort: no excess mortality when BSO done at 50 or later.
- 实际结果
- HR 0.83 (50-54); 0.92 (>= 55).
- 方法学质量
- high
- 相关性
- direct
总体证据说明了什么?
基于上述研究的编辑评估——其本身并非研究结果。
哪种观点有更好的证据支持?
BSO at benign hysterectomy is associated with higher mortality when performed before about age 50 (and without estrogen therapy), not afterwards; the excess is much smaller than one death per nine operations.
为什么有些研究权重更大
Cusimano 2021 (incident exposure, validated codes, propensity weighting) outweighs prevalent-exposure designs.
因果关系是否已确立? 很可能 Consistent cohorts, dose-response with age at surgery, plausible estrogen mechanism; observational only.
仍存在的不确定性
Role of estrogen therapy; residual confounding.
合理的结论
Direction supported for premenopausal women; numbers and generalisation not.
为什么研究结果看起来互相矛盾?
Duan 2012 compared surgical with natural menopause among baseline survivors; Cusimano and Parker compared BSO with ovarian conservation from the time of surgery. Different comparators and survivor bias explain the discrepancy.
这是否取决于国家?
- 一般生物学效应
- Universal; depends on age at surgery and estrogen use.
- 饮食习惯
- Not relevant to this claim.
- 食品原产地
- Not applicable.
- 污染物
- Not applicable.
- 本国生产条件
- Not applicable.
- 法律规则
- Not applicable.
- 实际监测数据
- No Egypt-specific monitoring data identified.
足以改变结论的地区差异没有可靠数据支持。
统计复核
- NNH to absolute risk; CI symmetry – 1.41% (<45) and 0.66% (45-49) absolute excess over 20 years; CIs symmetric 已重新计算
- Crude NNH vs claimed 'one per nine' – Crude overall NNH about 29 over 28 years; NNH 8 only in a subgroup 已重新计算
总体证据的确定性(GRADE,简化版)
- 主要结局
- All-cause mortality after premenopausal BSO
- 起始等级
- 低(观察性研究)
- 降级理由
- inconsistency (some null cohorts)
- 升级理由
- dose-response (age at surgery)
- 结果
- 低
由单名审查者参照 GRADE 方法进行的简化评估;并非正式的 GRADE 专家组评估。GRADE 评价的是针对某一结局的整体证据,而非单项研究。
已核查的临床指南和官方声明
- ACOG: Committee Opinion No. 774: Opportunistic Salpingectomy as a Strategy for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Prevention (reaffirmed 2024) (2019) · 原始文献
BSO causing surgical menopause reduces ovarian cancer risk but may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, other cancers, osteoporosis, cognitive impairment and all-cause mortality; counselling should include oophorectomy (I-ORG-142). - ACOG: Practice Bulletin No. 89: Elective and risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (2008) · 原始文献 无法获取;内容未采用
检索策略
本次审查的文献检索记录(检索式采用原数据库语法)。
| 数据库 | 日期 | 检索式 | 检索目标 | 命中数 | 纳入数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | (TITLE:oophorectomy OR TITLE:"ovarian conservation" OR TITLE:"salpingo-oophorectomy" OR TITLE:"ovarian tissue") AND (TITLE:mortality OR TITLE:death) AND (hysterectomy) AND (cohort OR "population-based" OR "meta-analysis") | 双向 | 17 |
待解决的问题
Effect modification by estrogen therapy.
核查深度如何?
6 项相关研究:3 项核查了全文(其中 1 项进行了结构化偏倚风险评估),3 项基于摘要核查,0 项仅核查了文献信息。 尚未进行由两名独立审查者完成的正式评估,也尚未进行独立的人类专家审核。
最近一次科学审核: 2026年10月26日
评定结论的变更历史
- 2026年10月25日 · 第 1 阶段 · 初始评估: 基本正确 (低)
- 2026年10月26日 · 第 4 阶段(系统证据审查) · 在扩展证据后重新审查;评定结论不变: 基本正确 (低)
Unchanged (MOSTLY_TRUE, low). Cusimano 2021 confirms the direction in premenopausal women and contradicts it after 50, matching the existing judgement that the figure is misquoted and over-generalised.
新来源: I-ORG-142 I-ORG-135 I-ORG-134
通俗解释
该档案网站称,因良性疾病行子宫切除术时切除双侧卵巢,会增加死亡和心脏病,每九例手术多一例死亡。这一方向得到了大型研究的支持,尤其是对于50岁以下且不使用雌激素的女性。但“九分之一”这一数字并不在该研究中:该研究给出的是每8例手术多一例死亡,而且仅针对这一亚组。切除卵巢还降低了卵巢癌导致的死亡。
与该说法相关的研究
支持该说法的研究 (3)
-
Nurses' Health Study: removing both ovaries at hysterectomy
Parker WH et al.. Obstet Gynecol 2013 · PMID 23635669 · DOI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182864350队列研究被 Tayebat 档案网站引用已核查全文★ 关键研究Removing the ovaries was linked to somewhat higher death rates (16.8% vs 13.3% over 28 years), mainly in women under 50 who never took estrogen.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法? 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性:见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么?
Mortality
- 研究是如何开展的?
Prospective cohort
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本?
30,117
- 实际发现了什么?
Higher mortality, especially <50 without estrogen
- 观察到的效应有多大?
HR 1.13; NNH 8 in subgroup
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么?
Keeping healthy ovaries may be better for many women
- 该研究有哪些局限?
Observational
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么?
Supports direction; NNH misused
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲?
Applicable
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论?
Causation; women with BRCA etc.
-
Ovary removal and chronic diseases
Rocca WA et al.. Mayo Clin Proc 2016 · PMID 27693001 · DOI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.08.002队列研究被 Tayebat 档案网站引用已核查摘要Women who had both ovaries removed before 46 accumulated chronic diseases faster.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法? 是 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性:见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么?
Multimorbidity
- 研究是如何开展的?
Cohort
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本?
n/a
- 实际发现了什么?
Faster accumulation
- 观察到的效应有多大?
HR 1.22
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么?
Possible broad health cost
- 该研究有哪些局限?
Baseline differences
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么?
Supports
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲?
Applicable
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论?
Causation
-
US gynaecologists on removing ovaries
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). ACOG Committee Opinion 2019指南 / 立场声明独立交叉核查已核查摘要Removing both ovaries before menopause may raise risks of heart disease, bone loss, memory problems and death, so it should be discussed carefully.
ACOG lists possible increases in CVD, cognitive impairment and mortality after BSO-induced surgical menopause.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法? 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性:见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么?
Guide salpingectomy and oophorectomy counselling
- 研究是如何开展的?
Committee opinion
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本?
n/a
- 实际发现了什么?
BSO may increase several long-term risks
- 观察到的效应有多大?
n/a
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么?
Keeping healthy ovaries is often preferred before menopause
- 该研究有哪些局限?
Only abstract read
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么?
Supports the direction of the claim
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲?
Applicable
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论?
Not quantitative
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
与该说法相矛盾或限制该说法的研究 (1)
-
Ovary removal and death rates in Californian teachers
Duan L et al.. Fertil Steril 2012 · PMID 22088205 · DOI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.10.004队列研究独立交叉核查已核查摘要Women whose menopause came from ovary removal did not die more often than women with natural menopause.
No mortality increase versus natural menopause; weaker design than Cusimano 2021.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法? 否 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性:见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么?
Compare mortality after surgical vs natural menopause
- 研究是如何开展的?
Prospective cohort
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本?
About 41,000 women
- 实际发现了什么?
No increase in mortality
- 观察到的效应有多大?
All-cause RR 0.86-0.87
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么?
Shows the harm is not seen in every study
- 该研究有哪些局限?
Survivor bias, different comparator
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么?
Contradicts the claim
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲?
Applicable
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论?
Cannot rule out harm in young women without estrogen
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
结果不一或不明确的研究 (2)
-
Meta-analysis: removing ovaries at hysterectomy
Hassan H et al.. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024 · PMID 37364803 · DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.06.043Meta分析独立交叉核查全文,含结构化偏倚风险评估★ 关键研究Linked to less breast cancer but more heart disease, dementia and other conditions in younger women; effect on death was inconsistent.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法? 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性:见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么?
BSO outcomes
- 研究是如何开展的?
Meta-analysis
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本?
n/a
- 实际发现了什么?
Trade-offs
- 观察到的效应有多大?
CVD HR 1.18; dementia HR 1.70
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么?
Removing healthy ovaries in young women has costs and some benefits
- 该研究有哪些局限?
Observational studies, few per outcome, fixed-effect pooling, no study-level risk-of-bias assessment
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么?
Supports risks; mortality unclear
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲?
Applicable
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论?
Causation; harm after age 50; absolute risk
-
Removing ovaries at hysterectomy and long-term survival
Cusimano MC et al.. BMJ 2021 · PMID 34880044 · DOI 10.1136/bmj-2021-067528队列研究独立交叉核查已核查全文★ 关键研究Removing both ovaries before age 50 was linked to more deaths over 20 years (about 1 extra death per 71 women under 45), but not after 50.
Excess mortality only when BSO done before 50 (NNH 71 at < 45); none at >= 50.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法? 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 高 · 证据确定性:见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么?
Check whether ovary removal at hysterectomy affects survival
- 研究是如何开展的?
Population cohort with propensity weighting
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本?
200,549 Ontario women
- 实际发现了什么?
Higher mortality under 50, not over 50
- 观察到的效应有多大?
HR 1.31 (<45), NNH 71 at 20 y
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么?
Keeping healthy ovaries matters mainly before menopause
- 该研究有哪些局限?
Observational; some confounders missing
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么?
Supports the claim with an age condition; contradicts its size
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲?
Applicable
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论?
Cannot prove causation
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
地区背景
德国 / 欧盟
Most cited cohorts are Scandinavian (Denmark, Sweden) and directly European; RCTs from the UK and Finland are directly transferable. Guidelines in Europe also emphasize defined indications (not verified here in detail).
埃及
No Egypt-specific data on rates or outcomes of tonsillectomy, cholecystectomy, hysterectomy, splenectomy or thyroid surgery were identified in this review.
在我的国家适用什么?
一般科学评估
基本正确 对于约50岁以下的女性,这一说法有支持:在子宫切除术时切除健康卵巢与较高的死亡率相关,但50岁之后则不然;而“九分之一”这一数字被错误引用并被过度泛化。
该说法涉及生物学或医学关系。上述科学评估不论在哪个国家都适用;各国食品数据不会改变这一评估。
参考文献
- Long-term mortality associated with oophorectomy compared with ovarian conservation in the nurses' health study.. Parker WH et al.. Obstet Gynecol 2013 · PMID 23635669 · DOI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182864350
- Accelerated Accumulation of Multimorbidity After Bilateral Oophorectomy: A Population-Based Cohort Study.. Rocca WA et al.. Mayo Clin Proc 2016 · PMID 27693001 · DOI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.08.002
- Opportunistic Salpingectomy as a Strategy for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Prevention (ACOG Committee Opinion No. 774; reaffirmed 2024). American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). ACOG Committee Opinion 2019
- Bilateral oophorectomy is not associated with increased mortality: the California Teachers Study.. Duan L et al.. Fertil Steril 2012 · PMID 22088205 · DOI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.10.004
- Long-term outcomes of hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. Hassan H et al.. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024 · PMID 37364803 · DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.06.043
- Association of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with all cause and cause specific mortality: population based cohort study.. Cusimano MC et al.. BMJ 2021 · PMID 34880044 · DOI 10.1136/bmj-2021-067528