鸡被喂食了含砷药物（洛克沙胂），这会使鸡肉中以及消费者体内具有致癌性的无机砷升高。
原始表述
تتغذى على أعلاف مخلوطة بمضادات حيوية وقائية، وحتى وقت قريب جداً بعقار الزرنيخ روكسارسون ... الدجاج التقليدي يحوي ضعفي إلى ثلاثة أضعاف الزرنيخ غير العضوي السام مقارنة بالعضوي، وأن الطهي يرفع تركيزه
按来源为原话. 译文由本项目提供；以阿拉伯语原文为准。
译文
鸡被喂食了含砷药物（洛克沙胂），这会使鸡肉中以及消费者体内具有致癌性的无机砷升高。
出处
- 来源状态
- 档案网站编辑
- 归属
- Archive editors (not Elawady)
- 出处
- https://eltayebat.com/rule/industrial-chicken/
- 归属的不确定性
- Narrative and study selection written by the archive operators; the archive states the forbidden section is documented independently of Dr. Diaa's words.
- 所声称的机制
Organoarsenical feed additives degrade to inorganic arsenic.
- 所声称的健康影响
Bladder and lung cancer risk.
- 涉及人群
general population (not specified)
- Elawady 设定的地域限制
none found
科学评估
基本正确 – 核心内容正确，但有局限或细微不准确之处。
证据确定性: 中 – 进一步研究仍可能影响该评估。
1. 说法是什么？
Arsenical drugs in feed raise inorganic arsenic in chicken; conventional chicken had 2-3 times the inorganic arsenic of organic chicken; cooking concentrated it.
2. 哪些内容可证实是正确的？
Nachman et al. 2013: inorganic arsenic GM 1.8 ug/kg in conventional vs 0.6 ug/kg in organic cooked chicken; roxarsone detected in 20/40 conventional samples (A-CHK-04). NHANES: highest poultry quartile 1.12-fold urine total arsenic (A-CHK-16). The practice was not US-only: in China, organoarsenicals were detected in over 90% of market chicken samples and raised inorganic arsenic (I-CHK-126, I-CHK-127). FDA withdrew US approvals in 2013-2015 (I-CHK-03).
3. 哪些内容是错误或夸大的？
Absolute risk was small: estimated +0.11 ug/day inorganic arsenic per 82 g serving and 3.7 additional lifetime bladder/lung cancers per 100,000 exposed persons under lifetime exposure assumptions. The practice has ended in the US; the archive's general framing ('raised on arsenical drugs') does not apply to the EU.
4. 哪些内容仍不明确？
Status in Egypt and other countries that may still allow arsenicals (the FDA notes some countries still allow their use in other contexts [secondary]).
5. 哪些研究支持该说法？
6. 哪些研究与该说法相矛盾？
I-CHK-03 (withdrawal: current US exposure via this route ended).
7. 对德国和欧洲而言情况如何？
Roxarsone is not authorised as a feed additive in the EU (secondary sources date the exclusion to 1999; primary EU instrument not verified). Under Regulation 1831/2003 only authorised feed additives may be used.
8. 关于埃及的已知情况是什么？
Not verified.
9. 合理的实际结论是什么？
作为美国的一个历史问题是正确的；与当前欧盟的供应无关。
评估详情
- 证据确定性的依据
The US market-basket study and NHANES analysis support higher inorganic arsenic exposure from roxarsone-treated chicken (historical). Regulatory facts: US approvals of roxarsone, carbarsone and arsanilic acid were withdrawn in 2013/2014 and nitarsone by end of 2015 (FDA). In the EU, roxarsone is reported not to be authorised; the 1999 date is from secondary sources only. Thus true historically for the US; largely outdated today.
- 来源质量
Archive editorial; numbers correct; the archive itself says 'until very recently', which is accurate for the US.
- 地区可推广性
Low for the EU (not authorised); low for the US today (withdrawn). Egypt: regulatory status of arsenical feed additives was not verified.
- 个体例外情况
Not applicable.
- 说法的地域范围
- 取决于生产条件
- 最近审核
- 2026年10月26日 初步
科学证据详解
仅在特定条件下成立 – 该说法仅在特定剂量、特定人群、特定制备方式或特定情况下成立。
研究问题: Did arsenical feed drugs (roxarsone and related compounds) raise inorganic arsenic in chicken meat and consumers, and is this still relevant today?
研究问题详解 (PECO)
- 人群
- Chicken consumers
- 干预或暴露
- Chicken raised with organoarsenical feed additives
- 对照
- Chicken raised without them
- 地域范围
- production-dependent (USA historical, China, EU not authorised, Egypt unknown)
- 结局指标
- inorganic arsenic in meat
- estimated cancer risk
- regulatory status
研究结果按作者报告呈现。我们的评估见下文。
哪些证据支持该说法？
Arsenic in US chicken from feed drugs
Nachman KE et al.. Environ Health Perspect 2013 · PMID 23694900 · DOI 10.1289/ehp.1206245 检测 / 残留研究全文，含结构化偏倚风险评估US market basket study.
- 实际结果
- iAs GM 1.8 ug/kg conventional vs 0.6 organic; roxarsone in 20/40 conventional samples; +3.7 cancers per 100,000 lifetime.
- 方法学质量
- moderate
- 相关性
- direct
- 局限
- US 2010-2011.
Arsenic feed drugs found in most Chinese market chicken
Zhao D et al.. J Hazard Mater 2020 · PMID 31525688 · DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121178 检测 / 残留研究已核查摘要新增Chinese 10-city market study.
- 实际结果
- ASA/ROX in >90% of samples; higher iAs in cities with more organoarsenicals; +3.2 cancers per 100,000 adults.
- 方法学质量
- moderate
- 相关性
- direct
- 局限
- Model-based risk.
哪些证据不支持该说法？
US withdrawal of arsenic drugs for poultry
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA 2022 指南 / 立场声明已核查全文FDA withdrawal of arsenical approvals.
- 实际结果
- Roxarsone, carbarsone, arsanilic acid withdrawn 2013-2014; nitarsone by end 2015.
- 方法学质量
- high (regulatory)
- 相关性
- direct for current US relevance
- 局限
- US only.
总体证据说明了什么？
基于上述研究的编辑评估——其本身并非研究结果。
哪种观点有更好的证据支持？
Correct as a description of past US and Chinese practice, with small estimated absolute cancer risks; not relevant to current US or EU production; Egyptian status unknown.
为什么有些研究权重更大
Exposure studies from two countries replicate the mechanism; regulatory facts determine current relevance.
因果关系是否已确立？ 很可能 Organoarsenicals degrade to inorganic arsenic, a known carcinogen; cancer risk is model-estimated, not observed.
仍存在的不确定性
Current use in Egypt and other countries.
合理的结论
Historically true, small absolute risk, largely outdated for the US and EU.
这是否取决于国家？
- 一般生物学效应
- Arsenic toxicology universal.
- 饮食习惯
- Liver and offal concentrate arsenic more than muscle (I-CHK-127).
- 食品原产地
- Imported chicken from countries still using organoarsenicals could be affected.
- 污染物
- Inorganic arsenic is treated as a human carcinogen in the risk models of A-CHK-04 and I-CHK-126.
- 本国生产条件
- Egypt: no data found.
- 法律规则
- US approvals withdrawn 2013-2015 (I-CHK-03); EU: not authorised (secondary sources).
- 实际监测数据
- No Egyptian monitoring found.
足以改变结论的地区差异没有可靠数据支持。
统计复核
- Consistency of absolute risk estimates – China +3.2 vs US +3.7 per 100,000 lifetime: similar magnitude. 无法根据已发表数据重新计算
总体证据的确定性（GRADE，简化版）
- 主要结局
- Inorganic arsenic increase in chicken from organoarsenical feed drugs
- 起始等级
- 低（观察性研究）
- 升级理由
- consistent replication in two countries
- dose-response (cities with more ROX/ASA had more iAs)
- 结果
- 中
由单名审查者参照 GRADE 方法进行的简化评估；并非正式的 GRADE 专家组评估。GRADE 评价的是针对某一结局的整体证据，而非单项研究。
检索策略
本次审查的文献检索记录（检索式采用原数据库语法）。
| 数据库 | 日期 | 检索式 | 检索目标 | 命中数 | 纳入数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | (roxarsone OR nitarsone OR "inorganic arsenic" OR arsenic) AND (TITLE:chicken OR TITLE:poultry OR TITLE:broiler) AND (TITLE:meat OR TITLE:liver OR TITLE:tissues) AND PUB_YEAR:[2015 TO 2026] | 双向 | 60 |
待解决的问题
Regulatory status of organoarsenicals in Egypt.
核查深度如何？
6 项相关研究：3 项核查了全文（其中 1 项进行了结构化偏倚风险评估），3 项基于摘要核查，0 项仅核查了文献信息。 尚未进行由两名独立审查者完成的正式评估，也尚未进行独立的人类专家审核。
最近一次科学审核: 2026年10月26日
通俗解释
该档案网站说，美国的鸡被喂食了含砷药物，使鸡肉中可致癌的砷升高。这曾经是事实：一项美国研究发现，常规饲养鸡肉中的无机砷比有机鸡肉多，尽管估计的额外癌症风险很小（终生每100,000人中约多4例）。美国在2013年至2015年间停用了这些药物，它们在欧盟也未获批准。这些药物在埃及是否被使用，尚未得到核实。
与该说法相关的研究
支持该说法的研究 (4)
-
Arsenic in US chicken from feed drugs
Nachman KE et al.. Environ Health Perspect 2013 · PMID 23694900 · DOI 10.1289/ehp.1206245检测 / 残留研究被 Tayebat 档案网站引用全文，含结构化偏倚风险评估★ 关键研究Conventional chicken had about three times more inorganic arsenic than organic chicken; estimated extra cancer risk was small.
Chickens were fed arsenical drugs (roxarsone) that raise carcinogenic inorganic arsenic in chicken meat and in consumers.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 是 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
What is the arsenic species profile in US chicken and the cancer risk from arsenic-based drugs?
- 研究是如何开展的？
Market-basket sampling of chicken meat with arsenic speciation and cancer risk estimation
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
116 raw and 142 cooked samples for total As; 65 raw and 78 cooked speciated; Conventional, antibiotic-free and organic retail chicken in 10 US metro areas
- 实际发现了什么？
Cooked: iAs GM 1.8 ug/kg (1.4-2.3) conventional vs 0.7 antibiotic-free vs 0.6 organic. Roxarsone in 20/40 conventional, 1/13 antibiotic-free, 0/25 organic. iAs 2.3 vs 0.8 ug/kg in roxarsone-positive vs negative. Cooking increased iAs. +0.11 ug/day iAs per 82 g serving; 3.7 additional lifetime bladder and lung cancers per 100,000.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Geometric means, 95% CI; risk modelling
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
The practice has ended in the US; not used in the EU.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Single 2010-2011 US market basket before roxarsone withdrawal; breast meat only; speciation only in higher-arsenic samples; cancer risk is a model based on a draft potency value.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Supports the historical claim.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Low: not authorised in EU.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Cannot describe current EU or Egyptian chicken.
-
Poultry intake and arsenic in US urine
Nigra AE et al.. Environ Health Perspect 2017 · PMID 27735790 · DOI 10.1289/EHP351横断面研究被 Tayebat 档案网站引用已核查摘要Heavy poultry eaters had about 12% higher urine arsenic.
Chickens were fed arsenical drugs (roxarsone) that raise carcinogenic inorganic arsenic in chicken meat and in consumers.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 是 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Is poultry intake associated with urinary arsenic in the US population?
- 研究是如何开展的？
Cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2003-2010 (24-h recall and urine arsenic)
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
3,329 participants; US participants >=6 years with undetectable arsenobetaine
- 实际发现了什么？
Highest quartile: total arsenic GMR 1.12 (1.04-1.22), DMA 1.13 (1.06-1.20). Turkey fall/winter: 1.17 (0.99-1.39), p-trend 0.02.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Geometric mean ratios
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
A historical US exposure route.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Single 24-h recall; Cross-sectional
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Supports.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Low.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Cannot show disease.
-
Arsenic feed drugs found in most Chinese market chicken
Zhao D et al.. J Hazard Mater 2020 · PMID 31525688 · DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121178检测 / 残留研究独立交叉核查已核查摘要Organoarsenical drugs were detected in over 90% of tested Chinese chicken samples and raised inorganic arsenic.
Organoarsenicals widely detected in Chinese chicken and linked to higher inorganic arsenic.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 是 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
How much arsenic and which species are in Chinese market chicken, and what is the cancer risk?
- 研究是如何开展的？
Market-basket exposure measurement with speciation, 10 Chinese cities
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
249 paired raw/cooked samples; 81 speciated
- 实际发现了什么？
Total As GM 4.85 (raw) and 7.27 ug/kg fw (cooked). ASA and ROX detected in >90% of 81 paired samples. ASA contributed about 45% of total As in cooked samples. Higher inorganic As in cities with higher ROX and ASA. Estimated +3.2 bladder and lung cancer cases per 100,000 adults.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Total As GM 4.85 (raw) and 7.27 ug/kg fw (cooked). ASA and ROX detected in >90% of 81 paired samples. ASA contributed about 45% of total As in cooked samples. Higher inorganic As in cities with higher ROX and ASA. Estimated +3.2 bladder and lung cancer cases per 100,000 adults.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Arsenical feed drugs were used beyond the USA and raised arsenic slightly; the estimated cancer risk is small.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Risk estimate model-based; Ecological comparison between cities
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Supports the claim outside the US; risk small in absolute terms.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Not authorised in the EU.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Current Chinese practice after the study not assessed.
-
Arsenic feed additives raised arsenic in Chinese market chicken
Hu Y et al.. Environ Sci Technol 2017 · PMID 28219238 · DOI 10.1021/acs.est.6b06258检测 / 残留研究独立交叉核查已核查摘要Where roxarsone was used, chicken and especially liver contained more arsenic; estimated cancer risk was above priority levels for many adults.
Roxarsone use linked to inorganic arsenic in feed and chicken tissues with elevated estimated cancer risk.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 是 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
What arsenic species are in chicken tissues and feeds in Guangdong, and what is the cancer risk?
- 研究是如何开展的？
Exposure measurement of feeds and chicken tissues from live poultry markets
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
not stated in abstract
- 实际发现了什么？
Feeds with ROX had inorganic arsenic 0.19-9.7 mg/kg. Livers had much higher total arsenic than muscle; urban-market muscle higher than rural. Incremental lifetime cancer risk above the 10^-4 priority level for 70% (Guangzhou) and 30% (Lianzhou) of adults.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Feeds with ROX had inorganic arsenic 0.19-9.7 mg/kg. Livers had much higher total arsenic than muscle; urban-market muscle higher than rural. Incremental lifetime cancer risk above the 10^-4 priority level for 70% (Guangzhou) and 30% (Lianzhou) of adults.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Where arsenic drugs are allowed, chicken can be a relevant arsenic source.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Regional; Risk model assumptions; sample size not in abstract
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Supports the mechanism; region-specific.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Not applicable to EU production.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Does not show actual cancer cases.
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
与该说法相矛盾或限制该说法的研究 (1)
-
US withdrawal of arsenic drugs for poultry
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA 2022指南 / 立场声明独立交叉核查已核查全文Arsenic-based poultry drugs were withdrawn in the US between 2013 and 2015.
Chickens were fed arsenical drugs (roxarsone) that raise carcinogenic inorganic arsenic in chicken meat and in consumers.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 不适用 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Regulatory status of arsenical drugs in US poultry
- 研究是如何开展的？
Regulatory information page
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
Not applicable; US poultry
- 实际发现了什么？
Alpharma voluntarily suspended sale of 3-Nitro (roxarsone); Federal Register 22 Nov 2013 withdrawal of approvals for carbarsone and roxarsone; on 27 Feb 2014 Zoetis withdrew the 3-Nitro application and sponsors withdrew approvals for arsanilic acid and carbarsone; nitarsone (Histostat) approval withdrawal requested by end of 2015, not available from the 2016 season.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Not applicable
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
US chicken is no longer raised with these drugs.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Page does not cover other countries
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Confirms the claim is historical.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
EU: roxarsone not authorised (secondary sources date this to 1999; primary instrument not verified).
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Says nothing about Egypt.
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
结果不一或不明确的研究 (1)
-
EU ban on antibiotic growth promoters
European Parliament and Council. Official Journal of the EU (copy at legislation.gov.uk) 2003指南 / 立场声明独立交叉核查已核查全文Since 2006, antibiotics may not be used as growth-promoting feed additives in the EU.
Chickens were fed arsenical drugs (roxarsone) that raise carcinogenic inorganic arsenic in chicken meat and in consumers.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 不适用 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Rules for feed additives including phase-out of antibiotic growth promoters
- 研究是如何开展的？
EU regulation
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
Not applicable; EU animal feed
- 实际发现了什么？
Article 11(2): antibiotics, other than coccidiostats and histomonostats, may be marketed and used as feed additives only until 31 December 2005; from 1 January 2006 deleted from the Register. Recital 25 cites the Scientific Steering Committee: growth-promoting antimicrobials from classes used in medicine should be phased out.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Not applicable
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
"Routine antibiotics for growth" is not legal in the EU.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Therapeutic and prophylactic veterinary use regulated separately (not covered)
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Limits the claim for the EU.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Directly EU.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Does not cover therapeutic use.
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
地区背景
德国 / 欧盟
Roxarsone is not authorised as a feed additive in the EU (secondary sources date the exclusion to 1999; primary EU instrument not verified). Under Regulation 1831/2003 only authorised feed additives may be used.
埃及
Not verified.
- Food-safety governance and official controls
- Pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables on the EU/German market (incl. imports from Egypt)
- Pesticide residues in produce sold on the Egyptian domestic market
- Antibiotic (veterinary drug) residues in poultry meat and eggs
- Antimicrobial use in food animals and antibiotic growth promoters
- Hormones in poultry, meat, milk and farmed fish
- Salmonella in laying hens, eggs and broiler chicken
- Dioxins, PCBs and PFAS in eggs and other animal foods
- Aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products
- Aflatoxins in groundnuts (peanuts)
- Heavy metals in fish
- Farmed fish (aquaculture): drugs, water source and controls
- Import controls and the meaning of RASFF notifications for Egyptian products
在我的国家适用什么？
一般科学评估
基本正确 含砷饲料药物确实使美国鸡肉中的砷升高，但它们在美国已被撤销，在欧盟也未获批准。
以下食品安全领域与该说法相关：
- 农药与农药残留
- 兽药与抗生素
- 激素类促生长剂
- 污染物（重金属、PFAS、PCB、二噁英、硝酸盐）
- 病原体（沙门氏菌、弯曲杆菌等）
- 畜禽养殖与饲料
- 监管、进口、召回、标签
蛋类 · 禽类 · 乳制品 · 鱼类与海产品 · 红肉 · 水果与蔬菜
选择一个国家，查看针对该国已核查的信息。
局限：法律规则描述的是允许什么，而不是每一种食品实际含有什么。检测数据来自样本，只有结合其方法细节才有意义。
参考文献
- Roxarsone, inorganic arsenic, and other arsenic species in chicken: a U.S.-based market basket sample.. Nachman KE et al.. Environ Health Perspect 2013 · PMID 23694900 · DOI 10.1289/ehp.1206245
- Poultry Consumption and Arsenic Exposure in the U.S. Population.. Nigra AE et al.. Environ Health Perspect 2017 · PMID 27735790 · DOI 10.1289/EHP351
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