不要多喝水，因为水会使腹部胀大、升高腹压；即使在长时间禁食中感到口渴，也只需润湿嘴唇；每周连续三天不吃不喝地禁食并不算严苛。
原始表述
وعدم الإفراط في شرب الماء حتى لا يتمدّد البطن ويرتفع ضغطه
按来源为原话. 译文由本项目提供；以阿拉伯语原文为准。
译文
不要多喝水，因为水会使腹部胀大、升高腹压；即使在长时间禁食中感到口渴，也只需润湿嘴唇；每周连续三天不吃不喝地禁食并不算严苛。
出处
- 来源状态
- 档案网站编辑
- 归属
- Archive editors summarising Elawady's view (homepage summary; not the quote box)
- 出处
- https://eltayebat.com/
- 归属的不确定性
- Homepage summary written by the archive operators describing Elawady's views; partly cites his 'statement of the theory' video (aEbRfVSJIOw), otherwise no video reference.
- 所声称的机制
Water raises intra-abdominal pressure.
- 所声称的健康影响
Avoiding abdominal pressure
- 涉及人群
General population
- Elawady 设定的地域限制
none found
来源版本存在差异
- 来源状态
- 视频转录文本（本人原话）
- 归属
- Elawady (machine transcript)
- 视频
- Dr Diaa Al Awady د ضياء العوضي is live! شريحة في الدماغ (打开来源)
- 发布日期
- 2026年2月1日
- 时间戳
- 无（转录文本不含时间信息）
- 归属的不确定性
- Archive transcript (YouTube CC or AI-generated); no timestamps; 'published' is the date listed by the archive and may be the upload date. Live-stream transcripts can contain viewer comments read aloud; the quoted passage was checked in context to be spoken by Elawady.
- 来源状态
- 视频转录文本（本人原话）
- 归属
- Elawady (machine transcript)
- 视频
- Dr.D Clinics - Diaa Al Awady is live! الكلي (打开来源)
- 发布日期
- 2025年5月20日
- 时间戳
- 无（转录文本不含时间信息）
- 归属的不确定性
- Archive transcript (YouTube CC or AI-generated); no timestamps; 'published' is the date listed by the archive and may be the upload date. Live-stream transcripts can contain viewer comments read aloud; the quoted passage was checked in context to be spoken by Elawady.
科学评估
基本错误 – 该说法的主要部分没有证据支持，或被严重夸大。
证据确定性: 中 – 进一步研究仍可能影响该评估。
1. 说法是什么？
Avoid drinking water; wet lips only; multi-day dry fasting is acceptable.
2. 哪些内容可证实是正确的？
Excessive water intake far beyond needs is unnecessary (I-FAST-08) and extreme volumes can cause hyponatraemia (not reviewed here).
3. 哪些内容是错误或夸大的？
High water intake prevents stone recurrence (I-FAST-09). Withholding water when thirsty, especially during long fasts or in heat, causes dehydration. Dry fasting for three consecutive days is not comparable to Ramadan (daily fasts with nightly fluid intake), and even during Ramadan guidelines stress adequate fluid intake between sunset and dawn (I-FAST-11). In people with diabetes, dehydration contributes to hyperosmolar states and DKA (I-INS-07).
4. 哪些内容仍不明确？
Whether any group benefits from deliberately low water intake.
5. 哪些研究支持该说法？
I-FAST-08 (no need for fixed high intake; limited). The only study of multi-day dry fasting (10 healthy volunteers, 5 days) reported physiological compensation, but its authors state that medical supervision is obligatory and that intact endocrine and kidney function is required (I-FAST-125).
6. 哪些研究与该说法相矛盾？
I-FAST-09 and I-FAST-122 (more water prevents stone recurrence), I-FAST-11 and I-FAST-108 (Ramadan guidance: fluids at night; dehydration risk in heat, labour, hyperglycaemia), I-INS-07, I-FAST-124 (EFSA: about 2.0-2.5 L total water/day), I-FAST-112 (dehydration requiring hospital care even in supervised water-only fasting).
7. 对德国和欧洲而言情况如何？
Not region-specific.
8. 关于埃及的已知情况是什么？
Hot summers in Egypt make deliberate water restriction particularly risky.
9. 合理的实际结论是什么？
口渴时就喝水，在炎热环境中、患病时或运动时要多喝；不要压抑口渴感。多日不喝水的禁食是危险的。
评估详情
- 证据确定性的依据
No evidence that normal water intake raises intra-abdominal pressure in a harmful way; water is absorbed rapidly. Restricting water when thirsty and multi-day dry fasting cause dehydration with risks of kidney injury, stones and circulatory problems, especially in heat. Certainty moderate because direct studies of the 'abdominal pressure' hypothesis do not exist; the harm of dehydration is physiologically certain. The 3-day statement is from a live stream where a viewer's question is followed by a short answer; attribution of 'not harsh' as an answer is probable but not certain.
- 来源质量
Homepage paraphrase plus own words in live streams.
- 地区可推广性
Hot climate increases risk.
- 说法的地域范围
- 普遍性（生物学/医学）
- 最近审核
- 2026年10月26日 初步
科学证据详解
缺乏高质量证据支持 – 没有良好证据支持该说法；但仅凭这一点并不能证明它是错误的。
研究问题: Is restricting water intake (to avoid abdominal distension), only wetting the lips when thirsty during fasting, and fasting three consecutive days per week without food and drink safe?
研究问题详解 (PICO)
- 人群
- General population incl. older adults, people with diabetes or kidney disease, hot climate
- 干预或暴露
- Water restriction; multi-day dry fasting
- 对照
- Thirst-guided or adequate water intake; daily Ramadan-type fasting with night drinking
- 地域范围
- climate-dependent
- 结局指标
- Dehydration, AKI, electrolytes
- Kidney stones
- Hospitalisation
研究结果按作者报告呈现。我们的评估见下文。
哪些证据支持该说法？
Five days without food or water
Papagiannopoulos-Vatopaidinos IE et al.. Metabol Open 2025 · PMID 40585323 · DOI 10.1016/j.metop.2025.100363 病例系列 / 病例报告已核查全文新增Ten healthy adults compensated a 5-day dry fast physiologically under supervision.
- 实际结果
- Insulin fell; glucose dipped then recovered; GFR increased; LDL rose.
- 方法学质量
- very low (10 people, uncontrolled, no prospective ethics approval)
- 相关性
- direct but tiny; authors say supervision is obligatory
- 局限
- Not generalisable.
Ramadan guidelines for people with diabetes
International Diabetes Federation and DAR International Alliance (ed. Hassanein M). IDF (Brussels) 2021 指南 / 立场声明已核查全文新增Daily Ramadan dry fasting does not cause pathological dehydration in normal circumstances.
- 实际结果
- Guideline statement; risk in heat, heavy labour, hyperglycaemia.
- 方法学质量
- moderate (guideline)
- 相关性
- indirect: daily fasts with night drinking, not multi-day
- 局限
- Not about multi-day dry fasting.
哪些证据不支持该说法？
Drinking more water to prevent kidney stones
Bao Y et al.. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 · PMID 32045491 · DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD004292.pub4 系统综述已核查摘要新增More water prevents kidney stone recurrence.
- 实际结果
- RR 0.45 (0.24-0.84).
- 方法学质量
- low certainty (1 RCT, Cochrane)
- 相关性
- direct against water restriction for stone formers
- 局限
- Single trial.
Side effects of supervised water-only fasting
Finnell JS et al.. BMC Complement Altern Med 2018 · PMID 29458369 · DOI 10.1186/s12906-018-2136-6 病例系列 / 病例报告已核查全文新增Supervised water-only fasting (with water) still caused dehydration requiring hospital care and severe hyponatraemia.
- 实际结果
- SAE: dehydration on day 3 (73-year-old man).
- 方法学质量
- low
- 相关性
- direct for multi-day fasting harms
- 局限
- Case series.
EU reference values for water
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA). EFSA Journal 2010 · DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1459 指南 / 立场声明已核查摘要新增Adults need about 2.0-2.5 L total water per day in moderate conditions.
- 实际结果
- EFSA adequate intakes.
- 方法学质量
- moderate (agency opinion)
- 相关性
- direct
- 局限
- Moderate climate only.
总体证据说明了什么？
基于上述研究的编辑评估——其本身并非研究结果。
哪种观点有更好的证据支持？
No evidence supports the idea that normal drinking harmfully raises abdominal pressure. Suppressing thirst and weekly multi-day dry fasts risk dehydration, kidney injury and electrolyte disorders, particularly in heat, in older people and in people with diabetes or kidney disease. Daily Ramadan fasting with night-time drinking is a different, generally tolerated practice.
为什么有些研究权重更大
Physiology of water balance and agency reference values outweigh one 10-person dry-fast series.
因果关系是否已确立？ 是，已确立 Dehydration causally impairs circulation and kidney function; no study tests the abdominal-pressure hypothesis.
仍存在的不确定性
Safety of repeated weekly 3-day dry fasts (never studied).
合理的结论
Not supported and potentially dangerous.
为什么研究结果看起来互相矛盾？
Dry-fasting physiology studies (I-FAST-125) and Ramadan guidance concern supervised or daily fasts with night intake; they do not test unsupervised weekly 3-day dry fasting.
这是否取决于国家？
- 一般生物学效应
- Universal water physiology.
- 饮食习惯
- Egypt's hot climate and outdoor labour increase water needs and dehydration risk.
- 食品原产地
- Not applicable.
- 污染物
- Not applicable.
- 本国生产条件
- Not applicable.
- 法律规则
- Not applicable.
- 实际监测数据
- No Egyptian surveillance data assessed.
足以改变结论的地区差异没有可靠数据支持。
统计复核
- SAE proportion – 2/768 = 0.26% (paper: 0.002%). 已重新计算
- ARR/NNT – ARR 14.9 points, NNT about 7 over 5 years. 已重新计算
总体证据的确定性（GRADE，简化版）
- 主要结局
- Harm from water restriction and multi-day dry fasting
- 起始等级
- 低（观察性研究）
- 降级理由
- indirectness (no direct study of the advised regimen)
- 升级理由
- established physiology of dehydration
- 结果
- 中
由单名审查者参照 GRADE 方法进行的简化评估；并非正式的 GRADE 专家组评估。GRADE 评价的是针对某一结局的整体证据，而非单项研究。
已核查的临床指南和官方声明
- IDF and DAR International Alliance: Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical Guidelines 2021 (2021) · 原始文献
All individuals should break the fast if blood glucose <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) or >300 mg/dL (16.7 mmol/L) or with symptoms of hypoglycaemia or acute illness; people with T1DM are high/very high risk; during fasting glucose falls and insulin secretion is suppressed; when glycogen is depleted and insulin is low, fat is converted to ketones. - EFSA NDA Panel: Dietary Reference Values for water (2010) · 原始文献
Adequate total water intake 2.0 L/day women, 2.5 L/day men in moderate conditions.
检索策略
本次审查的文献检索记录（检索式采用原数据库语法）。
| 数据库 | 日期 | 检索式 | 检索目标 | 命中数 | 纳入数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | ("dry fasting" OR "dry fast" OR "fluid restriction") AND (healthy OR volunteers) AND (days) AND (kidney OR renal OR dehydration) | 双向 | 1376 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | TITLE:("dry fasting") | 支持性证据 | 11 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | ("dry fasting" OR "without food and fluid" OR "food and fluid intake") AND ("5 days" OR "five days" OR "consecutive days" OR "multi-day") AND (humans OR participants OR subjects) | 支持性证据 | 533 | |
| Europe PMC | 2026年10月26日 | JOURNAL:"Cochrane Database Syst Rev" AND TITLE:(water OR fluid) AND (stones OR nephrolithiasis OR urolithiasis) | 反对性证据 | 6 | |
| Web (direct PDF fetch) | 2026年10月26日 | IDF-DAR 2021 guideline chapter 'Fluid balance and Ramadan' (media.idf.org PDF) | 指南 | 1 | |
| PubMed | 2026年10月26日 | ("dry fasting"[tiab] OR "Ramadan"[ti]) AND (hydration OR dehydration OR "kidney function") AND healthy | 支持性证据 | 29 | |
| PubMed | 2026年10月26日 | ("water intake"[ti] OR "fluid intake"[ti]) AND ("intra-abdominal pressure"[tiab] OR bloating[tiab] OR distension[tiab]) | 支持性证据 | 10 | |
| PubMed | 2026年10月26日 | (dehydration[ti] OR hypohydration[ti]) AND ("acute kidney injury"[tiab] OR "kidney"[ti]) AND (heat OR fasting) | 反对性证据 | 20 | |
| PubMed | 2026年10月26日 | ("water intake"[ti] OR "increased water"[ti]) AND (randomized controlled trial[pt] OR systematic review[pt]) AND (stones OR nephrolithiasis OR outcomes) | 反对性证据 | 28 |
待解决的问题
Any data on followers practising weekly dry fasts.
核查深度如何？
9 项相关研究：4 项核查了全文（其中 0 项进行了结构化偏倚风险评估），5 项基于摘要核查，0 项仅核查了文献信息。 尚未进行由两名独立审查者完成的正式评估，也尚未进行独立的人类专家审核。
最近一次科学审核: 2026年10月26日
评定结论的变更历史
- 2026年10月25日 · 第 1 阶段 · 初始评估: 基本错误 (中)
- 2026年10月26日 · 第 4 阶段（系统证据审查） · 在扩展证据后重新审查；评定结论不变: 基本错误 (中)
New evidence (EFSA values, Cochrane on stones, adverse events in water-only fasting) supports the existing verdict; the only supportive dry-fasting study is tiny and itself requires supervision.
新来源: I-FAST-108 I-FAST-112 I-FAST-122 I-FAST-124 I-FAST-125
通俗解释
没有证据表明正常喝水会伤害腹部。忽视口渴、只润湿嘴唇，或者连续几天不吃不喝，可能导致脱水、肾脏问题，而对于糖尿病患者，还可能引发危险的血糖危象。
与该说法相关的研究
支持该说法的研究 (2)
-
Do we need eight glasses of water a day?
Valtin H. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2002 · PMID 12376390 · DOI 10.1152/ajpregu.00365.2002叙述性综述独立交叉核查已核查摘要No proof for 8 glasses in healthy adults in mild climates, but more is needed in heat, hard work and some diseases.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Is there evidence for '8 x 8' glasses of water a day?
- 研究是如何开展的？
Narrative review
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
not applicable; Healthy adults
- 实际发现了什么？
No evidence for 8 x 8.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
not applicable
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Thirst usually suffices if healthy and in mild climate.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Narrative; Old
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Temperate climate applies to Germany.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Advice for hot climates or patients.
-
Five days without food or water
Papagiannopoulos-Vatopaidinos IE et al.. Metabol Open 2025 · PMID 40585323 · DOI 10.1016/j.metop.2025.100363病例系列 / 病例报告独立交叉核查已核查全文★ 关键研究Ten healthy people under supervision coped with a five-day dry fast, but the researchers say medical supervision is essential.
10 healthy adults compensated a supervised 5-day dry fast physiologically; authors state supervision is obligatory.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 极低 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Describe body responses to dry fasting.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Daily measurements in 10 people.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
10 healthy Greek adults.
- 实际发现了什么？
Insulin fell; glucose dipped then recovered; LDL rose; GFR increased.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Not applicable.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Dry fasting is not safe without medical supervision and healthy kidneys.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Tiny, uncontrolled, no prospective ethics approval.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Weakly supports tolerability; does not support unsupervised weekly 3-day dry fasting.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Applies; same physiology.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Safety in people with disease, in heat, or repeated weekly.
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
与该说法相矛盾或限制该说法的研究 (6)
-
Drinking more water to prevent kidney stones
Borghi L et al.. J Urol 1996 · PMID 8583588随机对照试验独立交叉核查已核查摘要Over five years, stones came back in 12% of those drinking a lot vs 27% without advice.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
High water intake and calcium stone recurrence
- 研究是如何开展的？
Randomised prospective 5-year study
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
199 patients; First-episode idiopathic calcium stone formers (plus 101 controls)
- 实际发现了什么？
Recurrence halved.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
12% vs 27%
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Stone formers should drink more.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Not blinded; Single centre
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Italian; directly applicable.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Benefits in people without stones.
-
IDF-DAR Ramadan guidelines 2021
Hassanein M et al.. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022 · PMID 35016991 · DOI 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109185指南 / 立场声明独立交叉核查已核查摘要People with diabetes who fast need individual risk assessment and medical guidance.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Management of diabetes during Ramadan fasting
- 研究是如何开展的？
Practical guideline (IDF and DaR International Alliance)
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
not applicable; People with diabetes who fast
- 实际发现了什么？
Guidance on risk stratification.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
not applicable
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Fast only with a medical plan.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Abstract only read
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Applicable to fasting Muslims in Europe.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Specific thresholds (not in abstract).
-
International guideline on diabetic ketoacidosis
Umpierrez GE et al.. Diabetes Care 2024 · PMID 39052901 · DOI 10.2337/dci24-0032指南 / 立场声明独立交叉核查已核查全文★ 关键研究Insulin, fluids and potassium are the core treatment; with this, fewer than 1% of adults die.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 高 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Diagnosis and management of DKA and HHS in adults
- 研究是如何开展的？
International consensus report based on systematic examination of literature since 2009 (ADA, EASD, JBDS, AACE, DTS)
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
not applicable; Adults with diabetes
- 实际发现了什么？
Insulin is the cornerstone; glucocorticoids worsen hyperglycaemia.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Mortality <1% with treatment
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Ketoacidosis needs hospital treatment with insulin.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Consensus, not trial
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
EASD and JBDS (UK) co-authored; directly applicable.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Outcomes of untreated DKA quantitatively.
-
Side effects of supervised water-only fasting
Finnell JS et al.. BMC Complement Altern Med 2018 · PMID 29458369 · DOI 10.1186/s12906-018-2136-6病例系列 / 病例报告独立交叉核查已核查全文★ 关键研究Among 768 supervised water-only fasts, about one in four had a severe (grade 3) side effect; two people needed hospital care.
Dehydration requiring hospital care occurred on day 3 of a supervised water-only fast in a 73-year-old man.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 低 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Describe adverse events of water-only fasting.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Chart review of 768 clinic visits.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
Adults at a US fasting centre.
- 实际发现了什么？
72.3% mild/moderate highest AE; 27.6% grade 3; 2 SAEs.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
Cumulative incidence grade>=3 AE: 0.28 at day 10.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Even with medical supervision and water, multi-day fasting often causes significant side effects.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Retrospective; clinic-run; conflicts of interest.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Contradicts claims that multi-day fasting strengthens the body.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Applies; same physiology.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Outcomes of unsupervised fasting at home.
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Drinking more water to prevent kidney stones
Bao Y et al.. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 · PMID 32045491 · DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD004292.pub4系统综述独立交叉核查已核查摘要★ 关键研究People who had kidney stones and drank enough to pass 2 litres of urine a day had fewer new stones.
Higher water intake prevents stone recurrence; restricting water is the opposite of what helps stone formers.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 高 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Assess water for stone prevention.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Cochrane review.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
1 RCT, 220 people.
- 实际发现了什么？
RR 0.45 for recurrence.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
149 fewer recurrences per 1000.
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Stone formers should drink more than thirst alone suggests.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Only one trial.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Limits the thirst-only rule; contradicts water restriction.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Applicable; stone disease common in Egypt's hot climate.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Primary prevention.
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EU reference values for water
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA). EFSA Journal 2010 · DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1459指南 / 立场声明独立交叉核查已核查摘要★ 关键研究European experts set adequate total water intake at 2.0 L/day for women and 2.5 L/day for men, including water in food.
Adults need about 2.0-2.5 L total water/day in moderate conditions; wetting lips or 3-day dry fasts are far below this.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 部分支持 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Set reference values for water.
- 研究是如何开展的？
Expert review of intake and urine data.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
not applicable
- 实际发现了什么？
AIs by age and sex.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
not applicable
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
Normal water needs are substantial; heat increases them.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Only for moderate climate and activity.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Contradicts water restriction; neutral on thirst-guided drinking.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
EU reference; Egypt's hotter climate implies higher needs.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Needs in hot climates.
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
结果不一或不明确的研究 (1)
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Ramadan guidelines for people with diabetes
International Diabetes Federation and DAR International Alliance (ed. Hassanein M). IDF (Brussels) 2021指南 / 立场声明独立交叉核查已核查全文★ 关键研究People with diabetes who fast must stop fasting if blood sugar goes above 300 mg/dL or below 70 mg/dL.
Daily Ramadan dry fasting does not cause pathological dehydration in normal circumstances, but heat, heavy labour and hyperglycaemia raise the risk; the guideline concerns daily fasts with night-time drinking, not multi-day dry fasts.
该研究是否支持这一具体说法？ 否 · 方法学质量: 中 · 证据确定性：见该说法的总体评估
研究通俗解读
- 研究人员想了解什么？
Give practical advice for safe fasting with diabetes.
- 研究是如何开展的？
International expert guideline.
- 研究了多少人、动物或样本？
not applicable
- 实际发现了什么？
Risk stratification; break-fast thresholds; T1D high risk.
- 观察到的效应有多大？
not applicable
- 研究结果对日常生活意味着什么？
High blood sugar during fasting is a reason to stop fasting and check for danger, not a sign of health.
- 该研究有哪些局限？
Consensus-based.
- 它对 Elawady 的具体说法说明了什么？
Contradicts the claim for people with diabetes.
- 研究结果是否适用于德国和欧洲？
Used by clinicians in Egypt and the Gulf and by European diabetes services for Muslim patients.
- 从该研究中明确不能得出什么结论？
Precise risk of DKA per fasting day.
该组中没有被标记为关键研究的研究。
地区背景
德国 / 欧盟
Not region-specific.
埃及
Hot summers in Egypt make deliberate water restriction particularly risky.
在我的国家适用什么？
一般科学评估
基本错误 口渴时仍限制饮水以及多日不吃不喝的禁食都是有风险的，也缺乏依据。
该说法涉及生物学或医学关系。上述科学评估不论在哪个国家都适用；各国食品数据不会改变这一评估。
参考文献
- "Drink at least eight glasses of water a day." Really? Is there scientific evidence for "8 x 8"?. Valtin H. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2002 · PMID 12376390 · DOI 10.1152/ajpregu.00365.2002
- Hypoglycemia compensation mechanisms in dry fasting.. Papagiannopoulos-Vatopaidinos IE et al.. Metabol Open 2025 · PMID 40585323 · DOI 10.1016/j.metop.2025.100363
- Urinary volume, water and recurrences in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis: a 5-year randomized prospective study.. Borghi L et al.. J Urol 1996 · PMID 8583588
- Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical guidelines 2021.. Hassanein M et al.. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022 · PMID 35016991 · DOI 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109185
- Hyperglycemic Crises in Adults With Diabetes: A Consensus Report.. Umpierrez GE et al.. Diabetes Care 2024 · PMID 39052901 · DOI 10.2337/dci24-0032
- Is fasting safe? A chart review of adverse events during medically supervised, water-only fasting.. Finnell JS et al.. BMC Complement Altern Med 2018 · PMID 29458369 · DOI 10.1186/s12906-018-2136-6
- Water for preventing urinary stones.. Bao Y et al.. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 · PMID 32045491 · DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD004292.pub4
- Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water.. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA). EFSA Journal 2010 · DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1459
- Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical Guidelines 2021 (IDF-DAR), International Diabetes Federation and DAR International Alliance. International Diabetes Federation and DAR International Alliance (ed. Hassanein M). IDF (Brussels) 2021