Claims

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Eating eggs causes snoring, sinusitis and nightmares in (practically) everyone who eats them, and stopping eggs and chicken relieves headaches.

  Eggs and cholesterolSleep, exercise and lifestyleAutoimmunity and inflammationVideo transcript (own words)C-EGG-01

  Eggs can cause symptoms in people with egg allergy, but there is no evidence that eggs cause snoring, sinusitis or nightmares in general.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  All eggs (chicken, quail, pigeon, ostrich, etc.) are harmful because an egg is an embryo / contains the 'full components of a living organism'.

  Eggs and cholesterolVideo transcript (own words)C-EGG-02

  The 'egg is an embryo, therefore harmful' argument is not supported by evidence.

• False Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Eggs cause red cheeks that are misdiagnosed as lupus; a patient with lupus (including protein in the urine) would heal completely if she stopped eating eggs, instead of taking biological treatment.

  Eggs and cholesterolAutoimmunity and inflammationVideo transcript (own words)C-EGG-03

  There is no evidence that stopping eggs cures lupus; replacing treatment with egg avoidance can be dangerous.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Higher egg (and dietary cholesterol) intake increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality (each additional half egg per day: +6% CVD, +8% mortality).

  Eggs and cholesterolArchive editorsC-EGG-04

  Moderate egg intake is not linked to more heart disease or deaths in most large studies; the archive's single study does not represent the overall evidence.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine is converted by gut bacteria into TMAO, and therefore eggs raise the risk of major cardiovascular events (about 2.5-fold).

  Eggs and cholesterolGut and microbiomeArchive editorsC-EGG-05

  The TMAO argument mixes a blood marker with egg intake; a trial found eggs did not raise fasting TMAO.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Eating 2.5 or more eggs per week is associated with an 81% higher risk of lethal prostate cancer.

  Eggs and cholesterolCancerArchive editorsC-EGG-06

  A possible link between eggs and fatal prostate cancer is reported in limited studies but is not proven.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Higher egg intake is linked to type 2 diabetes.

  Eggs and cholesterolDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive editorsC-EGG-07

  Eggs are not consistently linked to type 2 diabetes outside US studies.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Industrial (commercial, caged) egg production has turned the egg into a carrier of dioxins, PCBs, PFAS and heavy metals.

  Eggs and cholesterolResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesArchive editorsC-EGG-08

  Egg contamination occurs in incidents and polluted areas, often more in free-range than caged hens; it is not a general feature of industrial eggs.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Salmonella is far more common in caged egg production than in cage-free systems (44% vs 3.2%).

  Eggs and cholesterolResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesArchive editorsC-EGG-09

  Cage systems are associated with more Salmonella on farms, but contamination of eggs on sale in the EU is rare.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Commercial eggs carry antibiotic residues that harm health.

  Eggs and cholesterolResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesArchive editorsC-EGG-10

  The archive's own source does not support harmful antibiotic residues in eggs.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Eggs should be completely avoided (all kinds, all cooking methods).

  Eggs and cholesterolThe whole system and healing claimsArchive food listC-EGG-11

  Complete egg avoidance is not supported by evidence for the general population.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Food should not be judged by its nutrient components (such as choline and lecithin in eggs); eggs cause sinus allergy, fermentation in the stomach, bad breath, protein leakage into the urine, Alzheimer's disease, foul-smelling discharge and recurrent vaginal infections (the passage continues with recurrent urinary infections).

  Eggs and cholesterolVideo transcript (own words)C-SRC-05

  Apart from egg allergy in a minority, there is no evidence that eggs cause the listed disorders.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Chicken is forbidden because it is harmful in itself, not because of how it is raised (it is 'the pig of birds'); its fibres and waste products are hard to digest.

  Poultry and feedVideo transcript (own words)C-CHK-01

  Evidence does not support the claim that chicken is intrinsically harmful.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Eating chicken causes nightmares, panic attacks, hallucinations and psychological harm in children and adults; panic attacks became widespread in the last 20 years because of mass chicken production.

  Poultry and feedSleep, exercise and lifestyleVideo transcript (own words)C-CHK-02

  There is no evidence that chicken causes nightmares, panic attacks or hallucinations.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Because of intensive production, modern chicken breast has become 'like wood' (woody breast).

  Poultry and feedArchive quote (no location given)C-CHK-03

  'Woody breast' is real in fast-growing broilers; it is a quality and welfare issue.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Modern chicken breast is indigestible and damages the digestive system and gut microbiome.

  Poultry and feedGut and microbiomeVideo transcript (own words)C-CHK-04

  Cooked chicken is not indigestible; the real digestive risk is germs from undercooked chicken.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Industrial chicken is raised with routine antibiotics, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (e.g., ESBL E. coli, MRSA, resistant Campylobacter, mcr-1) spread from poultry to humans via the food chain.

  Poultry and feedResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesArchive editorsC-CHK-05

  Antibiotic use in poultry does contribute to resistant bacteria reaching humans; the size of the problem depends strongly on the country.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Broiler chickens are not injected with hormones; the common belief about 'hormonised chicken' is wrong - the real issue is antibiotics in feed.

  Poultry and feedResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesVideo transcript (own words)C-CHK-06

  Elawady's statement that broilers are not hormone-injected is consistent with mainstream knowledge, though he was not consistent across videos.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Chickens were fed arsenical drugs (roxarsone) that raise carcinogenic inorganic arsenic in chicken meat and in consumers.

  Poultry and feedResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesCancerArchive editorsC-CHK-07

  Arsenical feed drugs did raise arsenic in US chicken, but they were withdrawn in the US and are not authorised in the EU.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  About 80-85% of chickens are contaminated with Salmonella, even with the cleanest slaughter methods (the blood is contaminated).

  Poultry and feedVideo transcript (own words)C-CHK-08

  Salmonella in chicken is real, but the claimed 80-85% is not supported by EU or the reviewed Egyptian data.

• True Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Chicken carries Campylobacter and Salmonella, which cause human infections.

  Poultry and feedVideo transcript (own words)C-CHK-09

  Raw chicken commonly carries Campylobacter and Salmonella; cooking and hygiene control this risk.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Grilling or pan-frying chicken breast forms potent carcinogens (PhIP up to 480 ng/g).

  Poultry and feedCancerArchive editorsC-CHK-10

  Charring chicken forms potential carcinogens, as with all meats; this is a cooking issue, not a reason specific to chicken.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  The modern broiler provides more energy from fat than from protein, with an omega-6:omega-3 ratio up to 9:1 instead of the recommended 2:1.

  Poultry and feedOils, butter and gheeArchive editorsC-CHK-11

  A single small UK study is not enough to conclude that modern chicken is a high-fat food.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  All poultry (chicken, duck, goose, turkey, chicken liver/gizzards) is forbidden because these are domesticated, ground-feeding birds that do not fly, whereas pigeon and quail are allowed; all eggs including quail and pigeon eggs are forbidden.

  Poultry and feedThe whole system and healing claimsVideo transcript (own words)C-CHK-12

  The rule allowing pigeon and quail but forbidding other poultry is not based on scientific evidence and is internally inconsistent.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Poultry production is a source of zoonotic avian influenza and respiratory risks for people (H7N9 from wet-market poultry; pneumonia near poultry farms).

  Poultry and feedArchive editorsC-CHK-13

  Live poultry can transmit bird flu, a real risk especially in Egypt, but this does not make cooked chicken unsafe to eat.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Milk is a 'substitute for blood' and carries every hormone, pesticide and antibiotic the animal received; therefore milk must be avoided.

  Milk, yogurt and cheeseResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesArchive quote (no location given)C-DRY-01

  Milk is not a blood substitute; residue concerns are real but regulated, and they do not support singling out fresh milk while allowing butter, ghee and cheese.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Dairy products harm health and cause inflammation.

  Milk, yogurt and cheeseAutoimmunity and inflammationArchive quote (no location given)C-DRY-02

  Dairy is not shown to cause inflammation in the general population, though milk allergy and lactose intolerance are real individual reasons to avoid it.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  High milk consumption raises mortality (women drinking 3+ glasses/day had 93% higher mortality) and increases rather than prevents hip fractures.

  Milk, yogurt and cheeseArchive editorsC-DRY-03

  One Swedish cohort found higher mortality with very high milk intake, but the total evidence does not show that dairy increases mortality; milk also does not appear to prevent hip fractures, and a small increase is possible but unproven.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Dairy consumption increases prostate cancer risk (7% per 400 g/day; 34% for more than 2.5 servings/day).

  Milk, yogurt and cheeseCancerArchive editorsC-DRY-04

  A small association between high dairy intake and prostate cancer is plausible but unproven, and it does not distinguish milk from the cheeses the system permits.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Dairy and lactose increase ovarian cancer risk (about 19% higher; serous ovarian cancer doubled in heavy milk drinkers).

  Milk, yogurt and cheeseCancerArchive editorsC-DRY-05

  The archive's main ovarian-cancer source mostly found no association with dairy foods; the claim rests on a selected borderline sub-result.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Milk intake raises circulating IGF-1, and higher IGF-1 increases prostate cancer risk; this is the mechanism behind the dairy-prostate cancer link ('the same hormone that makes a calf grow').

  Milk, yogurt and cheeseCancerArchive editorsC-DRY-06

  Milk modestly raises IGF-1 and IGF-1 is weakly linked to prostate cancer; this is a plausible but unproven mechanism, not proof of harm.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  A1 beta-casein in conventional milk releases beta-casomorphin-7, which triggers gut inflammation, slower transit and worse symptoms (shown in a 2016 randomised trial).

  Milk, yogurt and cheeseGut and microbiomeAutoimmunity and inflammationArchive editorsC-DRY-07

  A1 beta-casein may cause more digestive discomfort than A2 in some people, but the evidence is limited, industry-linked, and does not support the system's split between milk and cheese.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Milk intake (especially skim milk) causes acne in teenagers.

  Milk, yogurt and cheeseArchive editorsC-DRY-08

  Milk intake is consistently associated with acne in observational studies, but causation is unproven and the data do not support the system's milk-versus-cheese split.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Milk intake, especially low-fat milk, increases the risk of Parkinson's disease (2.3-fold in the Honolulu study).

  Milk, yogurt and cheeseArchive editorsC-DRY-09

  A weak, consistent association between milk and Parkinson's exists, with very small absolute risk and no proof of cause.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Cooked/processed and aged cheese is the more digestible form of dairy because bacteria have already worked on it; it is fattier, softer, less allergenic and less stimulating to the immune system than milk, yogurt and casein-rich fresh products.

  Milk, yogurt and cheeseGut and microbiomeVideo transcript (own words)C-DRY-10

  Aged cheese is easier for lactose-intolerant people, but the rationale does not explain why fermented yogurt is forbidden or why cheese should be less allergenic.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Fresh milk, yogurt (incl. laban rayeb, ayran, labneh) and white/cottage cheese are harmful and must be avoided, whereas aged cheeses (cheddar, mozzarella, romi), processed cheese triangles, cream (qeshta), butter and ghee are allowed.

  Milk, yogurt and cheeseThe whole system and healing claimsArchive food listC-DRY-11

  The system's split between forbidden fresh dairy and allowed cheese, cream, butter and ghee is not supported by the evidence, except for lower lactose in aged cheese and butter.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Dairy contributes to further diseases cited in the archive bibliography: non-Hodgkin lymphoma, type 1 diabetes (cow's milk proteins in infancy) and galactose-induced skin ageing.

  Milk, yogurt and cheeseCancerDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive editorsC-DRY-12

  The archive's additional dairy citations do not show that dairy causes lymphoma, type 1 diabetes or skin ageing.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Cows naturally lactate seasonally (after giving birth), but dairy cows are injected with oxytocin all year round so that they keep producing milk; such milk is 'induced, not real'.

  Milk, yogurt and cheeseResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesVideo transcript (own words)C-SRC-29

  Oxytocin misuse occurs in some regions, but it releases milk rather than creating year-round lactation, and harm to consumers is unproven.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Fava beans and lentils (together with flour products) are toxins that cause inflammation and deteriorate health; the fava bean hull is indigestible and the bean contains toxins that ferment 'dirtily'.

  LegumesAutoimmunity and inflammationArchive quote (no location given)C-LEG-01

  Cooked legumes are not toxins; the claim generalises narrow, real risks to everyone.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Legumes, and fava beans in particular, cause autoimmune diseases.

  LegumesAutoimmunity and inflammationArchive quote (no location given)C-LEG-02

  No evidence supports the claim that legumes cause autoimmune diseases.

• True Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Fava bean ingestion triggers acute haemolytic anaemia (favism) in people with G6PD deficiency, which is the most common human enzyme defect and is frequent around the Mediterranean, the Middle East and Egypt.

  LegumesArchive editorsC-LEG-03

  Favism is real and relevant in Egypt, but it affects only people with G6PD deficiency.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Because of favism (and the other narrow risks), legumes should be excluded from everyone's diet.

  LegumesThe whole system and healing claimsArchive editorsC-LEG-04

  Risks of specific groups do not justify banning legumes for everyone.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  In G6PD deficiency, haemolysis is triggered by merely smelling fava beans and by eating lentils, as well as by aspirin and antibiotics.

  LegumesVideo transcript (own words)C-LEG-05

  Fava beans are an established trigger; lentils and smelling are not established.

• True Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Raw or undercooked red kidney beans cause acute poisoning through the lectin phytohaemagglutinin.

  LegumesArchive editorsC-LEG-06

  Correct for raw beans; thorough cooking removes the risk.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Plant lectins in legumes survive digestion, bind to intestinal cells and harm human health, so legumes are harmful even when eaten normally.

  LegumesGut and microbiomeArchive editorsC-LEG-07

  Lectin harm is shown for raw beans and high doses in animals, not for cooked legumes in human diets.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Phytic acid in legumes inhibits iron and zinc absorption; iron bioavailability is 5-12% from vegetarian diets versus 14-18% from mixed diets.

  LegumesArchive editorsC-LEG-08

  Correct mechanism; overstated as a reason to avoid legumes.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Gas from legumes and greens distends the colon, keeps blood from reaching the brain and causes dizziness that is wrongly diagnosed as anaemia; the human body is not equipped to digest the hulls of fava beans, lentils or beans.

  LegumesLeafy greens and cucurbitsGut and microbiomeVideo transcript (own words)C-LEG-09

  There is no evidence that intestinal gas mimics or explains anaemia.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Soy phyto-oestrogens reach hormonally concerning levels in infants fed soy formula (6-11 fold the hormonally active adult dose; plasma isoflavones 13,000-22,000 times oestradiol).

  LegumesArchive editorsC-LEG-10

  High infant exposure is documented; clinical harm is uncertain, and it is irrelevant to other legumes.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Peanut leads all food-anaphylaxis fatalities; peanut and tree nuts caused more than 90% of food-anaphylaxis deaths in the US registry.

  LegumesArchive editorsC-LEG-11

  Correct for allergic people; not a reason for non-allergic people to avoid peanuts.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Legumes (galacto-oligosaccharide/FODMAP sources) trigger bloating, pain and gas in people with irritable bowel syndrome; a low-FODMAP diet reduces symptoms.

  LegumesGut and microbiomeArchive editorsC-LEG-12

  True for IBS; not a reason for everyone to avoid legumes.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Legumes as a whole (fava beans, lentils, chickpeas, beans, cowpeas, peas, lupin, peanuts) are harmful and should be fully forbidden.

  LegumesThe whole system and healing claimsThird-party site (unofficial)C-LEG-13

  A total legume ban for everyone contradicts the available evidence.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Humans, having a single stomach, cannot digest the cellulose in vegetables (unlike ruminants), so greens and legumes cause gas and bloating and are food made for animals, not for humans.

  Leafy greens and cucurbitsGut and microbiomeArchive quote (no location given)C-VEG-01

  Correct premise, wrong conclusion: indigestible fibre is beneficial, not a sign that vegetables are animal food.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  A 2024 Science paper shows that industrialised humans have lost the cellulose-degrading gut bacteria, so the modern human gut 'was never built to digest cellulose' and no longer carries the machinery to ferment plant cell walls.

  Leafy greens and cucurbitsGut and microbiomeArchive editorsC-VEG-02

  The study is misread: it documents rare, not absent, cellulose degraders and makes no claim against vegetables.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Leafy greens and cucurbits are at the centre of the modern fresh-produce outbreak record (E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria).

  Leafy greens and cucurbitsResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesArchive editorsC-VEG-03

  Leafy greens are frequent outbreak vehicles, but the risk per serving is low and manageable through hygiene.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Germany's 2011 E. coli O104:H4 epidemic was traced to sprouts and cucumbers.

  Leafy greens and cucurbitsArchive editorsC-VEG-04

  The 2011 outbreak was caused by sprouts from fenugreek seeds, not by cucumbers.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Oxalate-rich greens (spinach, beet greens, chard) cause kidney stones; each 100 mg of dietary oxalate raises urinary oxalate by about 2.7 mg.

  Leafy greens and cucurbitsArchive editorsC-VEG-05

  Greens do not generally cause kidney stones; individual advice applies to stone formers.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Heavy juicing of oxalate-rich greens (about 1,500 mg oxalate per day) can cause acute oxalate nephropathy, especially in people with chronic kidney disease.

  Leafy greens and cucurbitsArchive editorsC-VEG-06

  A real but rare risk of extreme juicing, mainly in kidney patients.

• True Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Nitrate-rich vegetables (e.g. courgette soup) given to young infants can cause severe methaemoglobinaemia.

  Leafy greens and cucurbitsArchive editorsC-VEG-07

  True for young infants; not an argument against vegetables for adults.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Nitrate from fertilisers (together with pesticides) in lettuce, rocket and other leaves harms the people who eat them.

  Leafy greens and cucurbitsResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesVideo transcript (own words)C-VEG-08

  For adults, vegetable nitrate is not shown to be harmful and may lower blood pressure.

• True Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Bitter zucchini and ornamental squash contain cucurbitacins that can cause severe poisoning (haemorrhagic colitis, shock, hair loss).

  Leafy greens and cucurbitsArchive editorsC-VEG-09

  Bitter cucurbits are toxic; normal zucchini is not.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Raw cruciferous greens such as bok choy suppress the thyroid (glucosinolates) and can cause myxedema coma.

  Leafy greens and cucurbitsArchive editorsC-VEG-10

  One extreme case does not show that crucifers harm the thyroid at normal intake.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Cucurbits (melon, watermelon, cucumber, zucchini) carry profilin allergens that cause cross-allergy.

  Leafy greens and cucurbitsArchive editorsC-VEG-11

  True for a small allergic group, not a reason for everyone to avoid cucurbits.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Vitamin K in leafy greens destabilises warfarin therapy (archive citing a Medicine (Baltimore) review).

  Leafy greens and cucurbitsMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-VEG-12

  The archive reverses the conclusion of its own source; stable intake, not avoidance, is advised.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Vegetables themselves are often harmful because of heavy pesticide use; organic diets show how much exposure conventional vegetables cause.

  Leafy greens and cucurbitsResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesArchive quote (no location given)C-VEG-13

  Pesticide exposure is real but low in regulated markets; it does not make vegetables harmful overall.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  In Egypt, vegetables carry pesticide residues, including internationally banned pesticides, at levels that can be harmful.

  Leafy greens and cucurbitsResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesVideo transcript (own words)C-VEG-14

  Residue exceedances in Egypt are documented regionally; the health impact is not established.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  A graded exception list: zucchini (2nd degree), okra (3rd), eggplant (4th) and molokhia (5th degree) may be eaten only rarely, ranked from least to most harmful; eating them weekly causes inflammation lasting 4-5 days.

  Leafy greens and cucurbitsThe whole system and healing claimsThird-party site (unofficial)C-VEG-15

  The harm ranking has no identifiable evidential basis, and Tayyibat sources contradict each other.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Avoiding (nearly) all vegetables, salads and legumes is compatible with good health.

  Leafy greens and cucurbitsLegumesThe whole system and healing claimsThird-party site (unofficial)C-VEG-16

  Avoiding nearly all vegetables and legumes contradicts a large and consistent body of evidence.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Watermelon and melon (cantaloupe) should be avoided; the archive's food page supports this with studies showing that a high dietary glycaemic load raises type 2 diabetes risk.

  Fruit and glycaemic indexDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive food listC-FRU-01

  The glycaemic-load argument does not support banning melons while allowing juices, dates, honey and sugar.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Watermelon, melon and cucumber are indigestible, were not eaten historically, and are 'poison' (cucurbit bitterness, cucurbitacin).

  Fruit and glycaemic indexVideo transcript (own words)C-FRU-02

  Normal melons are not poisonous; only bitter-tasting cucurbits pose a rare poisoning risk.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Fruit juices, including canned juices and nectars, are allowed or preferred (mango only as juice; on one third-party site fresh juices are forbidden and only canned juices allowed).

  Fruit and glycaemic indexSugar, honey and soft drinksDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-FRU-03

  Favouring juices and nectars over whole fruit contradicts the evidence and the archive's own glycaemic-load argument.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  Apples and pears should be eaten only peeled.

  Fruit and glycaemic indexArchive food listC-FRU-04

  A harmless but unexplained rule without evidence of benefit.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Sweet fruits such as dates, grapes, figs and mango need not be avoided; conventional diets wrongly restrict them and push bland fruit.

  Fruit and glycaemic indexSugar, honey and soft drinksDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-FRU-05

  Whole sweet fruits are compatible with good health; this is a fair point, as long as it is not extended to juices and added sugar.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Rice in all forms (including white rice) is allowed without restriction; 'rice is sugar' and two spoons of rice a day sustain life.

  Rice, potatoes and grainsDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-GRN-05

  Rice is not harmful in moderation, but unrestricted white rice conflicts with diabetes evidence the archive itself cites.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Concerns about arsenic in rice are unfounded and can be dismissed ('we love arsenic').

  Rice, potatoes and grainsResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesVideo transcript (own words)C-GRN-06

  Rice arsenic is a recognised, regulated long-term concern, not something to dismiss.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Potatoes in all forms are allowed, including fried potatoes and packaged potato chips (crisps).

  Rice, potatoes and grainsProcessing and additivesDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityThird-party site (unofficial)C-GRN-07

  Boiled potatoes are fine; unrestricted French fries are not supported by the evidence, while chips showed no diabetes link (other effects of chips were not reviewed).

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Freekeh and corn (maize) are allowed staple carbohydrates.

  Rice, potatoes and grainsArchive food listC-GRN-08

  A reasonable allowance, consistent with whole-grain evidence.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  Basmati rice is 'wrong' (in another video: 'not good ... rubbish'); ordinary Egyptian white rice is the rice to eat.

  Rice, potatoes and grainsVideo transcript (own words)C-SRC-18

  The preference for Egyptian rice over basmati has no identifiable evidential basis; neither is shown to be healthier.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Heavy intake of refined grains (white bread etc.) is associated in the largest population studies with higher mortality and major cardiovascular disease (archive: PURE, +27% mortality, +33% major cardiovascular events at >=350 g/day).

  Rice, potatoes and grainsWhite flour, whole grain and glutenArchive editorsC-WHT-03

  A link with harm exists at very high intakes in one major cohort, but the overall evidence is inconsistent and does not show that moderate white-bread intake is dangerous.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Replacing refined grains with whole grains lowers all-cause mortality by 17% and coronary heart disease by 19%, while refined grains offer no protective benefit (archive interpretation of Aune 2016).

  Rice, potatoes and grainsArchive editorsC-WHT-04

  Whole grains are associated with clear health benefits; the archive overstates the precision and causality of the numbers.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Diets rich in rapidly absorbed carbohydrates (high glycaemic index/load) and poor in cereal fibre raise type 2 diabetes risk by about 50%, and each 10 g/day of cereal fibre lowers risk by 25%; refined flour therefore promotes diabetes.

  Rice, potatoes and grainsDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive editorsC-WHT-05

  Fibre and whole grains protect; the archive is right on direction but applies the logic only to wheat.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Refined-grain eaters carry more visceral fat and are more prone to obesity and metabolic syndrome.

  Rice, potatoes and grainsDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive editorsC-WHT-06

  A weak, mostly cross-sectional association; not proof that refined grains cause visceral obesity.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  Heavy white-flour intake is linked to fatty liver (NAFLD).

  Rice, potatoes and grainsArchive editorsC-WHT-07

  The fatty-liver link is asserted without evidence from the archive and is inconsistent in independent studies.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  'There is no such thing as gluten sensitivity'; the real problem is only that white flour turns into a glue-like substance.

  White flour, whole grain and glutenAutoimmunity and inflammationVideo transcript (own words)C-GRN-01

  Coeliac disease is real and gluten-driven; only the vaguer 'non-coeliac gluten sensitivity' is genuinely disputed.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Gluten is present in all grains, including oats, rice and maize, so 'gluten-free' bread or flour is a meaningless concept.

  White flour, whole grain and glutenVideo transcript (own words)C-GRN-02

  Rice and maize proteins are not 'gluten' in the medical sense; gluten-free foods are meaningful for coeliac disease.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  In a joint live stream on Elawady's channel, a speaker (Elawady or his guest Dr. Tamer El-Baz; speaker turns cannot be identified) describes a coeliac patient on the system who reintroduced gluten-containing toast, and advises pausing it when symptoms appear and reintroducing it later.

  White flour, whole grain and glutenAutoimmunity and inflammationVideo transcript (own words)C-GRN-03

  Reintroducing gluten in coeliac disease is unsafe.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  Commercial 'brown' or whole-wheat toast (brand named: Rich Bake) is allowed because, although it contains white flour and gluten, it is made in an easy-to-digest form that does not stick in the colon.

  White flour, whole grain and glutenRice, potatoes and grainsThe whole system and healing claimsVideo transcript (own words)C-GRN-04

  The toast exception is internally inconsistent with the white-flour ban and rests on an unproven mechanism.

• False Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Refined white flour turns into a sticky glue-like paste in the stomach, sticks to the stomach wall, impairs stomach contractions and thereby causes reflux and indigestion, whereas whole-grain flour does not stick and is digested easily.

  White flour, whole grain and glutenRice, potatoes and grainsArchive quote (no location given)C-WHT-01

  The 'glue in the stomach' mechanism is not supported by evidence and contradicts basic digestive physiology.

• False Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  White flour coats the absorptive villi of the small intestine like glue and thereby causes malabsorption, which leads to irritable bowel syndrome, iron-deficiency anaemia, vitamin D deficiency, weak bones and teeth, fatty liver and hair loss.

  White flour, whole grain and glutenGut and microbiomeRice, potatoes and grainsVideo transcript (own words)C-WHT-02

  Flour does not glue the villi shut; gluten-related malabsorption is a specific disease (coeliac disease) that needs proper diagnosis.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Stopping all white-flour products for about 5-10 days (in one video: within seven days) resolves reflux so that acid-reducing medicines are no longer needed.

  White flour, whole grain and glutenMedicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-WHT-08

  An unproven promise; diet changes may help some people but are not a substitute for medical care.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Gliadin (a wheat gluten protein) increases intestinal permeability via zonulin, which the archive presents (by listing the studies under the white-flour rule) as relevant to everyone eating white flour.

  White flour, whole grain and glutenAutoimmunity and inflammationGut and microbiomeArchive editorsC-WHT-09

  Lab findings are real, but there is no evidence that they translate into harm for people without coeliac disease.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Regular consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks increases the risk of type 2 diabetes (and metabolic syndrome); one to two cans per day raise type 2 diabetes risk by about 26%, and each daily serving by about 18%.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive editorsC-SOD-01

  Daily sugary soft drinks are consistently linked to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes; the archive's figures are accurate, its causal wording slightly overstated.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Sugar-sweetened soft drinks deliver liquid calories that do not satisfy hunger and therefore promote weight gain in children and adults.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive editorsC-SOD-02

  Sugary drinks promote weight gain through extra calories; this part of the archive's claim is well supported.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Sugar-sweetened soft drinks raise the risk of coronary heart disease, cardiovascular death and early death (e.g., two or more daily servings: +35% coronary heart disease in women; +31% cardiovascular and +21% total mortality).

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive editorsC-SOD-03

  Sugary drinks are consistently linked with more heart disease and earlier death, but the evidence is observational and the size of the causal effect is uncertain.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Fructose in soft drinks 'overwhelms the liver': compared with the same calories from glucose, it specifically increases visceral fat, LDL cholesterol and insulin resistance, and soft drinks promote fatty liver.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive editorsC-SOD-04

  High doses of fructose with excess calories can harm liver and blood fats; the archive overstates the contrast with glucose and omits that the same applies to honey and sugar.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Two sugary sodas a day double the risk of gout in men.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksArchive editorsC-SOD-05

  Sugary sodas are linked with gout; 'double' is a slight rounding-up of an imprecise estimate.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  One diet soda per day nearly triples the risk of ischaemic stroke and of Alzheimer's dementia.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksProcessing and additivesArchive editorsC-SOD-06

  A small single study; the 'triple risk' figure is not reliable and causation is not shown.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Artificial sweeteners disturb the beneficial gut bacteria and thereby induce glucose intolerance in animals and humans.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksProcessing and additivesGut and microbiomeArchive editorsC-SOD-07

  Some sweeteners can alter gut bacteria and short-term glucose responses in some people; long-term harm is unproven.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Phosphoric acid in cola drains the bones; women who drink cola daily (sugary or diet) have 3.7% lower hip bone density.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksProcessing and additivesArchive editorsC-SOD-08

  Cola is associated with lower hip bone density in women, but the phosphoric-acid explanation is not proven.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  Cola consumption damages the kidneys (chronic kidney disease).

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksArchive editorsC-SOD-09

  Evidence for a kidney effect of cola is weak and preliminary.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Diet soda is not a safe alternative to sugary soda: artificially sweetened drinks are linked to higher mortality, especially circulatory deaths.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksProcessing and additivesArchive editorsC-SOD-10

  Diet soda is not a proven health benefit; evidence of real harm is uncertain.

• True Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Soft drinks cause tooth decay.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksArchive quote (no location given)C-SOD-11

  Correct: sugary and acidic soft drinks damage teeth.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Soft drinks wreck digestion, trigger reflux and heartburn, disturb the stomach's acidity, and (Pepsi) are among the main causes of gastritis and ulcers.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksMedicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-SOD-12

  The claim that soft drinks cause reflux disease and ulcers is not supported by the available evidence.

• False Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Elawady: the harm of soda is the carbonated water itself, not the sugar or sweetener; one 300 ml Pepsi delivers more carbon dioxide than the body produces in a whole day, and colas contain sodium bicarbonate that neutralises stomach acid and increases reflux.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksVideo transcript (own words)C-SOD-13

  The carbon-dioxide and bicarbonate explanations are factually wrong; sugar is the established problem.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  All carbonated waters of every kind (including unsweetened sparkling water) are harmful and must be avoided.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksSleep, exercise and lifestyleThird-party site (unofficial)C-SOD-14

  A blanket ban on plain sparkling water is not supported by evidence.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Calories are not a relevant concept ('there is no such thing as calories'); his system is based on high calorie intake, and people lose weight while eating sugar, juices, fats, potatoes and rice, because with 'zero insulin' no fat is formed (the passage continues: 'even if you drink oil, even if you swallow bags of sugar'). Elsewhere he says he drinks 6 litres of sugar-cane juice and eats baladi ghee, rice and potatoes every day.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksOils, butter and gheeDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-SRC-22

  Food quality affects how much we eat, but the claim that calories do not exist and that unlimited sugar and fat cause weight loss is false.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  White sugar is the greatest product humans ever made; any amount of sugar per day is beneficial, and one can eat a kilogram of white sugar or honey.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-SUG-01

  False: high sugar intake is not beneficial; health bodies advise limiting free sugars.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Honey is chemically essentially sugar ('sugar knotted by the bee'); white sugar and honey are nutritionally similar.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksVideo transcript (own words)C-SUG-02

  Correct that honey is mostly sugar; this means honey should be limited like sugar.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  A spoon of honey contains five times more sugar than a spoon of white sugar.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksVideo transcript (own words)C-SUG-03

  False: honey contains somewhat less sugar per gram than white sugar, not five times more.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  On the Tayyibat system, eating white sugar does not raise insulin at all.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-SUG-04

  False: sugar raises insulin in everyone with functioning insulin production.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  White sugar is not an industrial/manufactured product but an extract of plants, so it does not belong with processed foods.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksProcessing and additivesVideo transcript (own words)C-SUG-05

  Largely correct as a classification point; irrelevant to the advice to limit sugar.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Implicit in the system's lists: sugar-cane juice, canned juices, honey, jam and sweets are acceptable while sugar-sweetened soft drinks are harmful.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksThe whole system and healing claimsFruit and glycaemic indexThird-party site (unofficial)C-SUG-06

  Inconsistent: the sugar-related evidence against soda applies equally to juices, honey and sweets that the system allows.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Advice given live to a viewer: stop insulin, it is not needed; eat sugar normally.

  Sugar, honey and soft drinksDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityMedicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-SUG-07

  Dangerous and false as general advice: insulin must not be stopped without medical supervision.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Natural fats such as baladi ghee and butter are not a cause of clogged arteries (contrary to the previously dominant view); 'good fats do not stick'.

  Oils, butter and gheeThird-party site (unofficial)C-FAT-01

  Saturated-fat-rich ghee and butter raise LDL cholesterol, which contributes to artery disease; moderate amounts are a small risk, but they are not harmless.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Blood contains no fat (everything in plasma is water-soluble), so it is impossible for arteries to be blocked by fat.

  Oils, butter and gheeVideo transcript (own words)C-FAT-02

  Blood carries fat in lipoproteins, and LDL cholesterol is a proven cause of artery disease; the claim is false.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Olive oil is an allowed fat in the system.

  Oils, butter and gheeArchive food listC-FAT-03

  Allowing olive oil is in line with good evidence.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Olive oil (and flaxseed oil) should be avoided because it is adulterated ('it is all fake') and has a problem with its acidity; instead a little corn oil and sunflower oil should be used for frying.

  Oils, butter and gheeProcessing and additivesVideo transcript (own words)C-FAT-04

  There is no evidence that olive oil is harmful; corn and sunflower oil are acceptable alternatives, but avoiding olive oil is not supported.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Cholesterol is not your enemy: when insulin falls, the liver produces cholesterol not because it is harmful but because it is the raw material for vitamin D, sex hormones, cortisol and bile salts.

  Oils, butter and gheeThird-party site (unofficial)C-FAT-05

  Cholesterol is essential, but high LDL cholesterol is a proven cause of artery disease.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Red meat should be limited: beef/buffalo at most once a week and lamb twice a week (protein not every day).

  Red meat and offalArchive food listC-MEAT-01

  Limiting red meat is consistent with the evidence, but the beef-versus-lamb rule has no scientific basis and processed meat is not addressed.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  Meat today is 'injected' with something that directly damages the nerves (neuropathy); even bone-broth fat carries it; liver concentrates more toxins than meat, and milk even more.

  Red meat and offalResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesVideo transcript (own words)C-MEAT-02

  The claim that meat causes nerve damage through unknown injections is unsupported and cannot be verified.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Liver and organ meats (lamb liver, beef liver, trotters, head meat, tripe/mumbar, veal) are allowed without a stated frequency limit.

  Red meat and offalArchive food listC-MEAT-03

  Liver and offal are nutritious in moderation, but an unrestricted allowance is unsafe in pregnancy and for people with gout.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  Red meat should first be boiled well and then fried in ghee; this is the recommended cooking method in the system.

  Red meat and offalOils, butter and gheeThird-party site (unofficial)C-MEAT-04

  The boil-then-fry method has not been studied; boiling is gentle, but frying in ghee adds saturated fat and browning compounds.

• True Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Farmed salmon contain significantly higher concentrations of organochlorine contaminants (PCBs, dioxins, chlorinated pesticides) and PBDE flame retardants than wild salmon, and European-farmed salmon carry the highest loads (based on samples analysed by Hites et al. around 2002).

  Wild fish and aquacultureResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesArchive editorsC-FSH-01

  Correct for salmon sampled around 2002; outdated as a description of today's EU market.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Farmed fish today accumulate PCBs, dioxins and PBDEs at concentrations significantly higher than in their wild counterparts (present-tense generalisation in the archive summary).

  Wild fish and aquacultureResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesArchive editorsC-FSH-02

  Outdated generalisation: current data do not show that farmed fish are generally more contaminated than wild fish.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Farmed Atlantic salmon from northern Europe should be eaten no more than once every five months to stay below an acceptable cancer-risk threshold (and, per the archive's card for Foran 2005, dioxin-contaminated farmed salmon less than once a month).

  Wild fish and aquacultureResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesCancerArchive editorsC-FSH-03

  Correctly quoted, but outdated and taken out of context; not valid as current consumption advice.

• True Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  The omega-3 to omega-6 ratio is about 10 in wild salmon but only 3-4 in farmed salmon.

  Wild fish and aquacultureOils, butter and gheeArchive editorsC-FSH-04

  Correct: farmed salmon has a lower omega-3:omega-6 ratio than wild salmon.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Because of the lower omega-3:omega-6 ratio, farmed salmon is converted from an anti-inflammatory into a pro-inflammatory meal, and the expected nutritional benefit disappears.

  Wild fish and aquacultureOils, butter and gheeAutoimmunity and inflammationArchive editorsC-FSH-05

  Not supported: farmed salmon still provides plenty of omega-3; the 'pro-inflammatory' label is an archive inference.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Farmed tilapia and catfish have low omega-3 content and very high long-chain omega-6 to omega-3 ratios compared with salmon and trout.

  Wild fish and aquacultureOils, butter and gheeArchive editorsC-FSH-06

  Correct as composition data: farmed tilapia/catfish are poor omega-3 sources.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  Because of its fatty-acid profile, farmed tilapia is an inflammation-promoting food for heart and joint patients.

  Wild fish and aquacultureAutoimmunity and inflammationArchive editorsC-FSH-07

  Not demonstrated: composition data do not show a clinical effect.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Aquaculture uses vast quantities of antibiotics; about 80% enter the environment with their activity intact and select for resistance genes that can reach human pathogens.

  Wild fish and aquacultureResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesArchive editorsC-FSH-08

  Largely correct: aquaculture antibiotic use is substantial and an AMR concern, but varies greatly by species and country.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Antibiotic residues were detected in farmed seafood sold in the US, including virginiamycin in salmon marketed as antibiotic-free.

  Wild fish and aquacultureResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesArchive editorsC-FSH-09

  Correct as a detection finding, but the archive omits that levels were low and legal in the US study.

• True Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  The sea-lice drug emamectin benzoate was found in 97% of sediment samples around Scottish salmon farms and harmed seabed crustaceans, and sea lice in the Pacific have evolved resistance to it.

  Wild fish and aquacultureResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesArchive editorsC-FSH-10

  Correct for the environment; it does not show harm to consumers.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Farming carnivorous fish species depletes the wild fish stocks used as feed rather than relieving pressure on the oceans.

  Wild fish and aquacultureOther statementsArchive editorsC-FSH-11

  Partly correct for carnivorous species in 2000; not a health argument.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Farmed fish (e.g. tilapia, mullet) are forbidden because their food is not clean: they are fed poultry manure and poultry offal, and the waste of fish farms is in turn fed to cattle.

  Wild fish and aquacultureResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesVideo transcript (own words)C-FSH-12

  Partly based on a real Egyptian practice, but generalised; measured contaminant levels in Egyptian farmed tilapia muscle are mostly within limits.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  All salmon is farmed and salmon should not be eaten; sea bass, sea bream and similar fish should be eaten instead.

  Wild fish and aquacultureVideo transcript (own words)C-FSH-13

  Not supported: farmed salmon is not shown to be harmful, and not all salmon is farmed.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Natural wild sea fish is the cleanest food you can get; wild sea fish (including large predators such as grouper/hamour, tuna, and smoked mackerel) is allowed while farmed fish is forbidden.

  Wild fish and aquacultureResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesVideo transcript (own words)C-FSH-14

  Recommending sea fish is reasonable, but the claim that wild sea fish is the 'cleanest' food ignores mercury in predatory fish.

• False Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Shrimp, squid and crustaceans are forbidden because they are allergens for most people, are unsuitable for human consumption and are highly antigenic (provoke the immune system).

  Wild fish and aquacultureAutoimmunity and inflammationVideo transcript (own words)C-FSH-15

  False: shellfish allergy affects a small minority, not most people.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Current agricultural practices - feeding animals unnatural feed and using hormones - produce contaminated food (archive quote attributed to the episode 'The New Food Pyramid', January 2026).

  Wild fish and aquacultureResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesThe whole system and healing claimsArchive quote (no location given)C-FSH-16

  Too general to verify; region-dependent.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Omega-3 capsules do not prevent cardiovascular disease and increase the risk of atrial fibrillation; Elawady rejects omega-3 capsules.

  Wild fish and aquacultureMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-SUP-05

  Mostly true for typical fish-oil capsules, with exceptions for prescription high-dose EPA.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  'Ultra-processed food' is a precise scientific category (NOVA group 4); a product is ultra-processed if its label lists any ingredient you would not have in your kitchen.

  Processing and additivesArchive editorsC-UPF-01

  NOVA defines UPF, but it is not a precise or uncontested category.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Ultra-processed foods drive overeating and weight gain: in an NIH randomized trial, people ate about 500 kcal more per day and gained 0.9 kg in two weeks on an ultra-processed diet.

  Processing and additivesDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive editorsC-UPF-02

  Trials support that UPF diets lead to higher calorie intake and less weight loss; the evidence is short-term.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Ultra-processed foods raise the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer and all-cause mortality; an umbrella review found 'convincing' evidence for cardiovascular mortality and type 2 diabetes.

  Processing and additivesDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityCancerArchive editorsC-UPF-03

  Higher UPF intake is consistently linked to chronic disease and mortality; certainty of causation is low.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Ultra-processed foods increase the risk of depression and common mental disorders.

  Processing and additivesOther statementsArchive editorsC-UPF-04

  A plausible but low-certainty association.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Higher ultra-processed food intake raises the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (PURE study: HR 1.82 for >=5 servings/day).

  Processing and additivesGut and microbiomeAutoimmunity and inflammationArchive editorsC-UPF-05

  A plausible association from one large cohort.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Industrial emulsifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose erode the gut's protective mucus layer and drive inflammation and metabolic disease.

  Processing and additivesGut and microbiomeArchive editorsC-UPF-06

  Emulsifier harm is plausible and supported in animals, but human evidence is limited.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Artificial sweeteners (aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose) are linked to higher cancer and cardiovascular risk.

  Processing and additivesCancerArchive editorsC-UPF-07

  Possible but unproven association.

• True Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  In 2023 IARC classified aspartame as 'possibly carcinogenic to humans' (Group 2B).

  Processing and additivesCancerArchive editorsC-UPF-08

  True as stated, but the classification describes limited evidence of hazard, not proven risk at normal intakes.

• True Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Some food additives are unsafe; titanium dioxide (E171) was found no longer safe as a food additive.

  Processing and additivesArchive editorsC-UPF-09

  Correct: E171 is no longer authorised in EU food.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Instant noodles ('Indomie') and processed foods cause sudden spikes in intra-abdominal pressure and serious problems such as intestinal obstruction.

  Processing and additivesRice, potatoes and grainsArchive quote (no location given)C-UPF-10

  No evidence that instant noodles cause intestinal obstruction.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Elawady: preservatives in industrial products are of little health concern (sodium benzoate is present in trivial amounts; preservatives are preferable to pesticide residues; 'returning to nature' is a trap).

  Processing and additivesVideo transcript (own words)C-UPF-11

  Partly consistent with regulatory views, but too general; it contradicts the archive's own additive warnings.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Implicit in the archive's rule: following the Tayyibat food lists protects against ultra-processed foods.

  Processing and additivesThe whole system and healing claimsThird-party site (unofficial)C-UPF-12

  The allowed list contains several ultra-processed products, which is inconsistent with the archive's UPF warnings.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Everyday foods carry 'explicit toxins': residues of antibiotics, fertilisers, stimulants/growth promoters, chemicals and pesticide residues, which the body must deal with daily.

  Residues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesVideo transcript (own words)C-RES-01

  Correct that residues are common; not shown to be toxic at typical EU levels.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Pesticide, antibiotic and hormone residues in food are a main cause of chronic health problems (implied by his theory statement and recurring remarks such as 'you are poisoned: the amount of pesticides and hormones').

  Residues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesThe whole system and healing claimsVideo transcript (own words)C-RES-02

  Not supported for typical EU exposures; uncertain but not demonstrated for Egypt.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  Poultry farms inject chicks with gentamicin; consumers then ingest gentamicin with chicken liver, gizzards and meat, which damages kidneys and hearing.

  Residues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesPoultry and feedVideo transcript (own words)C-RES-03

  Practice unverified; harm from food residues not supported.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  Beef cattle are injected with hormones (testosterone/androgens, 'Boldex' - presumably boldenone) and antibiotics to fatten them, so the meat is 'injected'.

  Residues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesRed meat and offalVideo transcript (own words)C-RES-04

  Not applicable to the EU; unverified for Egypt.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Antibiotics were (and are) used in poultry production to make chickens grow faster.

  Residues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesPoultry and feedVideo transcript (own words)C-RES-05

  Historically correct; banned in the EU since 2006.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Fasting brings gut hormones, above all insulin, to zero ('your fasting insulin equals zero').

  Fasting, detox and metabolismDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive editorsC-FAST-01

  Fasting lowers insulin but does not and should not bring it to zero.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Fasting gives the liver and gut the chance to repair themselves and expel toxins; intermittent fasting is the only treatment for fatty liver and treats joint pain, autoimmune and allergy-like symptoms.

  Fasting, detox and metabolismGut and microbiomeArchive editorsC-FAST-02

  Fasting can aid weight loss; 'repair and detox' and 'only cure for fatty liver' are not supported.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Rising blood glucose and acetone (ketones) during fasting are evidence that the liver is working properly, not a danger; high glucose plus acetone is not insulin deficiency.

  Fasting, detox and metabolismDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive editorsC-FAST-03

  Fasting ketones are normal in healthy people; high sugar plus ketones in diabetes is an emergency.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Health equals the ability to avoid toxic inputs: zero inputs means infinite health; complete abstinence from all inputs (fasting) keeps the body in a state that does not become ill, and not eating for three or four days makes the body strong.

  Fasting, detox and metabolismThe whole system and healing claimsVideo transcript (own words)C-FAST-04

  Avoiding harmful inputs is sensible; 'zero inputs = infinite health' is false.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Long daily intermittent fasting with one meal a day as the default eating pattern (and sometimes eating once every two days) is the healthy way to eat.

  Fasting, detox and metabolismSleep, exercise and lifestyleArchive editorsC-FAST-05

  A reasonable option for some healthy adults, not a superior or universal rule.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Meals should consist of a single dish without mixing different foods; a single dish of allowed food is enough to live on.

  Fasting, detox and metabolismSleep, exercise and lifestyleVideo transcript (own words)C-FAST-06

  No evidence of benefit from single-dish, non-mixed meals.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  In his practice he treats cancer with fasting (fasting every other day) and by reducing solid foods; he himself can go for days without food, on sugar-cane juice only.

  Fasting, detox and metabolismCancerVideo transcript (own words)C-SRC-32

  Fasting may become a supportive tool during chemotherapy, but it is not a treatment for cancer and can be harmful when it causes malnutrition or replaces therapy.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Antibiotics make people (especially children) gain weight by altering gut bacteria, as they do in fattened poultry; early-childhood antibiotic courses raise obesity risk.

  Diabetes, insulin resistance and obesityGut and microbiomeMedicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-ABX-05

  Plausible with a small, consistent association, but human causation is not established.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  High blood sugar is not a disease but the body's protective response that 'rescues' you; there is no such thing as diabetes ('drink sugar'); sugar intake has no upper limit; HbA1c is a lie.

  Diabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-DIAB-01

  Chronic high blood sugar is harmful; denying diabetes is false and dangerous.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Laboratory values such as blood glucose and acetone are only signs of the body's changing strategy and not causes; there is no need to measure glucose or blood pressure.

  Diabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-DIAB-02

  Monitoring glucose and ketones prevents emergencies; abandoning it is dangerous.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Diabetes can be cured by following the Tayebat system without medication, illustrated by a patient who stopped insulin after 30 years of insulin use.

  Diabetes, insulin resistance and obesityThe whole system and healing claimsVideo transcript (own words)C-DIAB-03

  Early type 2 diabetes can go into remission with substantial weight loss, but the claim that the Tayebat system cures diabetes, including long-standing insulin-treated diabetes, is not supported.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Insulin is the single and only cause of obesity (local or generalised) because it is the only hormone that builds fat and blocks fat breakdown (lipolysis).

  Diabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-INS-01

  Insulin promotes fat storage and insulin therapy causes weight gain, but it is not the only cause of obesity.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Injected insulin halts the Krebs cycle, blocks protein and DNA synthesis, starves the brain of glucose and causes seizures and blood clots.

  Diabetes, insulin resistance and obesityMedicines and medical proceduresArchive quote (no location given)C-INS-02

  The Krebs-cycle and DNA claims are false; the only true part is that insulin overdose can cause dangerous hypoglycaemia.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Insulin (and injected insulin) is a principal driver of atherosclerosis.

  Diabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive quote (no location given)C-INS-03

  High natural insulin levels are a weak risk marker, but insulin therapy has not been shown to cause atherosclerosis.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Large trials in type 2 diabetes showed that intensive glucose lowering towards normal HbA1c can be harmful: ACCORD was stopped after intensive therapy raised all-cause mortality by 22%, and severe hypoglycaemia was associated with roughly doubled mortality.

  Diabetes, insulin resistance and obesityMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-INS-04

  Correct: aggressive near-normal targets can harm high-risk type 2 patients; this supports moderate, individual targets, not abandoning treatment.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes roughly doubles all-cause mortality and raises cancer, renal and cardiovascular events, with a dose-response (each extra IU/kg/day +54% mortality), compared with metformin or sulfonylureas.

  Diabetes, insulin resistance and obesityMedicines and medical proceduresCancerArchive editorsC-INS-05

  Insulin users have worse outcomes in databases, but randomised trials do not show that insulin causes these deaths.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  There is no such thing as type 1 diabetes; 'type 1' is a state of high sugar seen mainly in athletes with high needs; type 1 patients do not develop complications; insulin before puberty is a catastrophe (short stature, thyroid problems, cysts).

  Diabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-INS-07

  Type 1 diabetes exists, is fatal without insulin, and insulin is essential at every age.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) does not kill anyone; it should be treated with corticosteroids and complete fasting from food and drink for days, without insulin and without intravenous fluids; giving insulin in this situation is 'the black disaster'.

  Diabetes, insulin resistance and obesityMedicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-INS-08

  DKA is deadly without treatment; insulin and fluids save lives, cortisone and dry fasting do not.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Insulin is not needed for glucose to enter cells (the HbA1c inside red blood cells proves it); insulin therefore does not treat diabetes but 'starves' cells, especially the brain, of sugar.

  Diabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-INS-09

  Some cells take up glucose without insulin, but this does not make insulin therapy useless or harmful.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  People with diabetes can stop insulin and diabetes medication by following the Tayebat system ('zero medicine'), as shown by followers who stopped insulin and are 'perfectly fine'.

  Diabetes, insulin resistance and obesityMedicines and medical proceduresThe whole system and healing claimsVideo transcript (own words)C-INS-10

  Stopping insulin on one's own is dangerous; any reduction belongs under medical supervision.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Archive conclusion: insulin is indispensable in type 1 diabetes; in type 2 diabetes, evidence supports caution with intensive dosing, prioritising metformin, weight loss and dietary change before insulin escalation, and aiming for moderate rather than near-normal HbA1c; this is not the same as rejecting insulin.

  Diabetes, insulin resistance and obesityMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-INS-11

  The archive's conclusion broadly matches guidelines and contradicts the rejection of insulin.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  'Insulin resistance' is a wrong term; there is no such thing as insulin resistance.

  Diabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-SRC-37

  Insulin resistance exists and predicts type 2 diabetes; only its causes are debated.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  Antibiotic use is associated with breast cancer (archive bibliography).

  CancerMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ABX-10

  Unclear: single association study, causality not established.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Cancer is the body's own plan ('a self plan'): body cells are ordered to transform because this was necessary for the person's life; it is not caused by external agents.

  CancerThe whole system and healing claimsVideo transcript (own words)C-CAN-01

  Cancer is not a protective 'self plan'; it has well-established causes and can be attacked by the immune system.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Smoking (and similar exposures) should not be blamed for cancer; only massive exposures such as Hiroshima cause cancer, and there is 'no such thing as early death' from smoking.

  CancerSleep, exercise and lifestyleVideo transcript (own words)C-CAN-02

  Smoking is a major proven cause of cancer and early death.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  The immune system does not fight cancer (no antibodies form against it), which shows the body accepts the tumour; therefore attacking it with chemotherapy is wrong.

  CancerAutoimmunity and inflammationVideo transcript (own words)C-CAN-03

  Immune evasion is a feature of cancer, not proof that the body wants the tumour.

• False Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Cancer will respond to the Tayebat system; a patient with a malignant tumour should start the system now (diet as cancer treatment).

  CancerThe whole system and healing claimsVideo transcript (own words)C-CAN-04

  There is no evidence that the Tayebat diet treats cancer; using it instead of treatment is dangerous.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Cancer patients do not die of cancer itself but of wasting and cortisone (hormonal disturbance).

  CancerVideo transcript (own words)C-CAN-05

  Cancer wasting is caused by the cancer; this is not a separate cause of death.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  The idea that 'sugar feeds cancer' should be dropped: sugar feeds every cell (and microbe), so cancer patients need not fear sugar.

  CancerSugar, honey and soft drinksVideo transcript (own words)C-CAN-06

  The 'sugar feeds cancer' slogan is oversimplified, but high sugar intake is not harmless.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Third-party site: the Tayebat system can serve as a preventive lifestyle against cancer (less processed meat, refined sugar, fried food, soft drinks), not as treatment; cancer patients must follow their oncology team and keep screening.

  CancerProcessing and additivesRed meat and offalThird-party site (unofficial)C-CAN-07

  The third-party prevention message is broadly sound but differs from Elawady's own statements.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Cross-system summary: avoiding the system's forbidden foods (industrial eggs, chicken, dairy, white flour, UPF, soft drinks, leafy greens, legumes, acid blockers, supplements) prevents cancer.

  CancerThe whole system and healing claimsEggs and cholesterolMilk, yogurt and cheesePoultry and feedProcessing and additivesLeafy greens and cucurbitsLegumesArchive editorsC-CAN-08

  Whether the Tayebat food rules prevent cancer is unknown; parts align with evidence and parts conflict with it.

• True Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Anthracycline chemotherapy (and chest radiotherapy) can cause chronic, dose-dependent heart damage that may appear or progress years after treatment.

  CancerMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-CHM-01

  Anthracycline and chest-radiation cardiotoxicity is real and dose-dependent, and it is monitored and treatable.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  After breast-cancer radiotherapy, the rate of major coronary events rises by 7.4% for every Gray of mean radiation dose to the heart, linearly and without threshold (Darby 2013).

  CancerMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-CHM-02

  The 7.4%/Gy figure is correct but relative; with modern doses the absolute risk is small and usually outweighed by the benefit.

• True Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can cause second cancers (e.g., breast cancer after chest radiation for Hodgkin disease, therapy-related myeloid leukaemia) years after cure.

  CancerMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-CHM-03

  Treatment-related second cancers exist; in adults they are uncommon relative to the cancers cured.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Chemotherapy causes persistent cognitive decline ('chemo fog').

  CancerMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-CHM-04

  Chemo-related cognitive effects are real but on average small.

• True Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Cisplatin chemotherapy causes permanent, dose-dependent hearing loss and tinnitus.

  CancerMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-CHM-05

  Cisplatin ototoxicity is real and dose-dependent.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Childhood-cancer survivors carry a large burden of chronic disease caused by treatment ('severe chronic conditions in 62%').

  CancerMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-CHM-06

  The survivor burden is real but the archive misstates its severity and omits that it is shrinking.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  At the end of life, chemotherapy often does not help, and early palliative care improves quality of life and even survival (Temel 2010).

  CancerMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-CHM-07

  Valid for end-of-life care; not transferable to curative treatment.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Cancer treatment causes 'financial toxicity' even for insured patients, leading some to skip medication.

  CancerMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-CHM-08

  Financial toxicity is real in the US; transferability is limited.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  The archive's 19 chemo/radiation studies are presented on the homepage as 'scientific studies confirming what Dr. Diaa proposed'; the harm-only study selection implies that the harms of chemotherapy and radiotherapy outweigh their benefits.

  CancerMedicines and medical proceduresThe whole system and healing claimsArchive editorsC-CHM-09

  Documented side effects do not show that chemotherapy and radiotherapy do more harm than good; the benefit side is missing from the archive's evidence.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Chemotherapy and tumour-removal surgery do not address root causes; the body will reactivate its 'defensive plan' elsewhere, so these treatments should be avoided.

  CancerMedicines and medical proceduresArchive quote (no location given)C-CHM-10

  The idea that cancer treatment is futile because the body will 'reactivate' the tumour elsewhere is contradicted by randomised evidence.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Cancer cells resist chemotherapy because of their fibrotic interstitial (stromal) environment; fibrosis strangles cells, which then turn cancerous and resist chemo and radiation.

  CancerArchive quote (no location given)C-CHM-11

  Stroma can contribute to drug resistance in some tumours, but it is not a general explanation and does not justify avoiding treatment.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Cancer patients should not take chemotherapy, radiotherapy or biological therapy (or should stop them) and follow the Tayebat system instead; 'we are against the word medicine'.

  CancerMedicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-CHM-12

  Advice to avoid or stop chemotherapy and radiotherapy for a diet contradicts strong evidence and can be life-threatening.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Oncology only buys time: 'survival rates' are meaningless, patients die during treatment, and early diagnosis only makes you 'die early'.

  CancerMedicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-CHM-13

  Modern cancer treatment cures many patients and prolongs life in others; 'die early' framing is false.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Chemotherapy drugs (e.g., methotrexate, cisplatin) are fungal products, so using them against one's own cells is illogical.

  CancerMedicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-CHM-14

  The 'fungal product' claim is factually wrong for key drugs and irrelevant to efficacy.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Insulin glargine increases cancer risk in a dose-dependent way (and long-term use increases breast cancer).

  CancerMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-INS-06

  An early observational cancer signal for glargine was not confirmed by a large randomised trial.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Surgical oncologists do not understand what tumours are: they remove the tumour and 'clean out' the lymph nodes, which he regards as wrong.

  CancerMedicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-SRC-45

  Routine extensive lymph-node removal has been scaled back on the basis of trials, but removing the tumour remains an essential part of cancer treatment.

• True Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Beta-carotene supplements (with or without vitamin A) increased lung cancer and mortality in smokers and asbestos-exposed workers (CARET, ATBC), and the USPSTF recommends against them.

  CancerMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-SUP-02

  True: beta-carotene pills increased lung cancer in smokers.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  High-dose vitamin E (400 IU/day) increases prostate cancer (SELECT, +17%) and may increase all-cause mortality (Miller 2005: +39 per 10,000).

  CancerMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-SUP-03

  Mostly true: vitamin E pills raised prostate cancer risk; the mortality effect is uncertain.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Antibiotic exposure in early life causes asthma and allergic disease.

  Autoimmunity and inflammationMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ABX-06

  Association exists, but sibling studies suggest much of it is confounding; causation unclear.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Antibiotic exposure increases the risk of new-onset Crohn's disease (inflammatory bowel disease), nearly doubling it in children.

  Autoimmunity and inflammationGut and microbiomeMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ABX-07

  Plausible and consistent association; causation not established.

• False Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and lupus are just recurrent inflammatory reactions to changing food inputs, arbitrarily grouped into disease names; lupus is treated by following the Tayebat system.

  Autoimmunity and inflammationVideo transcript (own words)C-AUTO-01

  False: diet cannot replace treatment of lupus or MS.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Antibiotic courses profoundly disrupt the gut microbiome; recovery can be incomplete, with changes lasting months to years.

  Gut and microbiomeMedicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ABX-04

  Largely correct; long-term health consequences unclear.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Antibiotics are products of fungi; taking an antibiotic means 'planting fungi' in your body, and antibiotics increase Candida/fungal overgrowth at the expense of bacteria.

  Gut and microbiomeMedicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-ABX-11

  The 'planting fungi' idea is wrong; fungal overgrowth after antibiotics is a real but limited side effect.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Reflux (heartburn) and irritable bowel syndrome are largely driven by eating habits; removing white/baladi bread, baked goods and soft drinks can improve symptoms.

  Gut and microbiomeWhite flour, whole grain and glutenSugar, honey and soft drinksVideo transcript (own words)C-GUT-01

  Partly correct: diet changes can help some people with reflux or IBS.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Stopping bread and baked goods for five days will improve 85% of reflux and IBS symptoms within at most ten days; both diseases can be eliminated completely.

  Gut and microbiomeWhite flour, whole grain and glutenVideo transcript (own words)C-GUT-02

  Unsupported promise: no evidence for an 85% improvement or complete cure by stopping bread.

• False Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Hard-to-digest foods (for example two spoons of flour) cause repeated, incomplete intestinal obstructions lasting days, which drive insulin 'sky-high' and cause obesity and inflammation.

  Gut and microbiomeWhite flour, whole grain and glutenDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-GUT-03

  False: normal foods do not cause recurrent intestinal obstructions in healthy people.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Bloating after meals raises intra-abdominal pressure enough to compress the aorta and inferior vena cava and to reduce blood flow to the organs.

  Gut and microbiomeSleep, exercise and lifestyleVideo transcript (own words)C-GUT-04

  Mostly false: an intensive-care concept is wrongly applied to normal post-meal bloating.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Residues of incomplete digestion and the fermentation of hard-to-digest food in the gut are harmful waste that stimulates the immune, nervous and hormonal systems.

  Gut and microbiomeLeafy greens and cucurbitsVideo transcript (own words)C-GUT-05

  Mostly false: gut fermentation of fibre is normal and linked to better health, though it can cause gas in sensitive people.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Redefining peptic ulcer as an H. pylori infection was a 'crime'; the real problem is low stomach acid, and acid blockers plus antibiotic 'triple therapy' are the wrong treatment.

  Gut and microbiomeMedicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-GUT-06

  False: treating H. pylori prevents ulcer recurrence and reduces stomach cancer risk.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  The common test for H. pylori ('the stomach germ') is the test with the highest rate of false-positive results.

  Gut and microbiomeVideo transcript (own words)C-SRC-50

  H. pylori tests are imperfect, but most positive results are correct; his figure of 70% false positives is unsupported.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Eat only when you are hungry and stop when full; no fixed meal times or quantities.

  Sleep, exercise and lifestyleVideo transcript (own words)C-FAST-07

  Sensible for many healthy adults, risky for some groups; evidence is limited.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Protein should not be eaten every day: give the digestive system a rest day between protein meals (rotate protein through the week).

  Sleep, exercise and lifestyleRed meat and offalPoultry and feedWild fish and aquacultureThird-party site (unofficial)C-FAST-08

  Protein is needed daily; alternate-day protein has no proven benefit and can harm vulnerable groups.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Drink water only when thirsty; there is no need to force a fixed daily amount.

  Sleep, exercise and lifestyleThird-party site (unofficial)C-FAST-09

  Reasonable for healthy adults in moderate conditions, with important exceptions.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Do not drink much water because it distends the abdomen and raises abdominal pressure; even when thirsty during long fasting hours just wet the lips; fasting three days in a row each week without food and drink is not harsh.

  Sleep, exercise and lifestyleFasting, detox and metabolismArchive editorsC-FAST-10

  Restricting water against thirst and multi-day dry fasts are risky and unsupported.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Sleeping or lying down directly after eating is no problem at all; the body is built to eat and drink lying on the side or back.

  Sleep, exercise and lifestyleGut and microbiomeVideo transcript (own words)C-GUT-07

  Partly true: harmless for many, but not for people with reflux or swallowing problems.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Drinking a lot of water harms the liver; one should drink only when thirsty and not 'flood' the body with water.

  Sleep, exercise and lifestyleVideo transcript (own words)C-GUT-08

  Mostly false: no evidence that water harms the liver; thirst alone is not always a good guide.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Food that is not chewed well is not fully digested in the stomach, and this incomplete digestion leads to intestinal obstruction.

  Sleep, exercise and lifestyleGut and microbiomeVideo transcript (own words)C-GUT-09

  Chewing matters, but the link to intestinal obstruction is not supported.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Dietary fat is not the origin of weight accumulation.

  Sleep, exercise and lifestyleOils, butter and gheeDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityThird-party site (unofficial)C-LIFE-01

  Dietary fat share does not by itself determine weight.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Lack of movement is the origin (main cause) of weight accumulation.

  Sleep, exercise and lifestyleDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityThird-party site (unofficial)C-LIFE-02

  Inactivity is one contributor to weight gain, not its single origin.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Daily movement, deep breathing and adequate sleep complement the system.

  Sleep, exercise and lifestyleArchive editorsC-LIFE-03

  Movement and adequate sleep are well-supported health habits; breathing exercises are plausible and low-risk.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Staying up late is not harmful and eight hours of sleep are not needed; those who say staying up late is harmful 'have not understood the philosophy of the Creator'.

  Sleep, exercise and lifestyleVideo transcript (own words)C-LIFE-04

  Regular, sufficient sleep is advisable; claiming short sleep is harmless is not supported.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Deep (slow) breathing is beneficial for health.

  Sleep, exercise and lifestyleArchive editorsC-LIFE-05

  Slow breathing has plausible short-term benefits.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Cigarettes are beneficial or at least not harmful: asked whether cigarettes are beneficial he answered 'Yes, beneficial'; elsewhere he said smoking has nothing to do with atherosclerosis and is 'not harmful at all' organically.

  Sleep, exercise and lifestyleOther statementsVideo transcript (own words)C-SRC-62

  Smoking is harmful at any level; it causes heart disease, stroke and cancer.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  The body heals itself if left alone: the human body was created healthy and has an unlimited capacity for self-healing unless burdened by harmful inputs.

  The whole system and healing claimsArchive editorsC-SYS-01

  The body's repair capacity is real but not unlimited; leaving serious disease untreated can be fatal.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Food is the first (leading) cause of modern (non-communicable) diseases.

  The whole system and healing claimsArchive editorsC-SYS-02

  One major global analysis ranks poor diet as the leading risk factor for death, although rankings depend on how risks are grouped; the dietary risks that matter most (salt, low whole grains and fruit) are not those the system emphasises.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Chronic disease is mostly a cumulative reaction to what enters the body daily - contaminated food, medicines and cosmetics - not a fate that comes from outside.

  The whole system and healing claimsArchive editorsC-SYS-03

  Chronic disease has many causes; food is an important one, not the main one in all cases.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Zero inputs equal infinite health: complete abstention from any inputs achieves a state of a body that does not get sick; health is proportional to avoiding toxic inputs.

  The whole system and healing claimsFasting, detox and metabolismVideo transcript (own words)C-SYS-04

  'Zero inputs = infinite health' is not physiologically possible.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Every input to the body carries harm (waste that must be excreted) as well as benefit (keeping the body alive).

  The whole system and healing claimsVideo transcript (own words)C-SYS-05

  A philosophical statement; normal metabolic waste is not evidence of harm.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  The system's life method is 'zero medicine': a life without any medicines at all.

  The whole system and healing claimsMedicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-SYS-06

  A general 'zero medicine' rule contradicts strong evidence and is dangerous.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Laboratory values (blood glucose, acetone, HDL/LDL, urea, creatinine, electrolytes) only indicate a change of the body's strategy under stress; there is no proof they cause symptoms, and linking them to the type of food is '100% wrong'.

  The whole system and healing claimsDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-SYS-07

  Lab markers such as blood pressure and glucose are causal risk factors and are influenced by diet.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  Third-party disease pages (diabetes, thyroid, PCOS, kidneys, arthritis): Tayebat principles may help these conditions as an educational, supportive approach under medical supervision; they do not replace treatment.

  The whole system and healing claimsDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityAutoimmunity and inflammationThird-party site (unofficial)C-SYS-08

  The third-party disease pages are cautious and make no cure claims; benefit is unproven.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  About 30% of US outpatient antibiotic prescriptions (2010-2011) were unnecessary - about 47 million prescriptions a year, mostly for viral infections.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ABX-01

  Correct for the US in 2010-2011 (30% figure); the 47 million figure was not checked.

• True Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was associated with 4.95 million deaths in 2019, of which 1.27 million were directly attributable to resistance.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ABX-02

  Correctly reported.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  The AMR death toll exceeds HIV and malaria combined.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ABX-03

  Overstated: the source ranks AMR above HIV and above malaria separately, not above both combined.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  A five-day course of azithromycin carried a 2.49-fold higher risk of cardiovascular death than amoxicillin, i.e. 47 extra deaths per million courses, and 245 per million in high-risk patients.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ABX-08

  Correctly reported; small absolute, drug-specific risk.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Fluoroquinolones increase the risk of tendon rupture and aortic aneurysm/dissection, and some antibiotics increase C. difficile infection risk (archive bibliography on harms).

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ABX-09

  Correct: documented, drug-specific harms with low absolute risk.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Antibiotics should not be used as a treatment at all; nobody should take an antibiotic for any reason (not even after a tooth extraction); the body can cope on its own.

  Medicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-ABX-12

  False and potentially dangerous: antibiotics save lives in serious bacterial infections.

• False Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Gonorrhoea can be cured without antibiotics by fasting with him and following his diet for six days.

  Medicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-ABX-13

  False and potentially harmful: no evidence that diet cures gonorrhoea.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Sleeve gastrectomy (and bariatric surgery in general) is a lethal operation that kills patients / shortens life.

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-BAR-01

  Bariatric surgery is not lethal on average; it is associated with longer life, but it has specific, rare fatal risks.

• True Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Sleeve gastrectomy substantially increases gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and erosive oesophagitis.

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-BAR-02

  Correct: sleeve gastrectomy clearly increases reflux and oesophagitis.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  After sleeve gastrectomy reflux is inevitable, and patients must take acid-suppressing drugs for life.

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-BAR-03

  Reflux after sleeve is common but not inevitable.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Sleeve gastrectomy leaves the oesophagus exposed to Barrett's oesophagus (archive: Barrett's in 4% at 10 years in SLEEVEPASS).

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive editorsC-BAR-04

  Barrett's is documented after sleeve, but the archive's key trial shows no sleeve-specific excess.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Bariatric surgery causes lifelong deficiencies of iron, B12, vitamin D, calcium and protein, requiring lifelong supplements.

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityFasting, detox and metabolismArchive editorsC-BAR-05

  Correct in substance: lifelong supplementation and monitoring are required.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Bariatric surgery causes measurable hip and spine bone loss (and fracture risk).

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive editorsC-BAR-06

  Mostly correct, especially for gastric bypass; less clear for sleeve.

• True Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Bariatric surgery is followed by documented rises in self-harm, suicide-related deaths and alcohol use disorder.

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesitySleep, exercise and lifestyleArchive editorsC-BAR-07

  Correct: self-harm and alcohol problems increase after surgery, though absolute risks are low.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  The diabetes remission achieved by bariatric surgery erodes over time (SOS: 72% at 2 years to 30.4% at 15 years; Adams: 75% to 51%).

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive editorsC-BAR-08

  Remission often fades, but surgery remains better than usual care for diabetes.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Even the largest long-term study (SOS) showed that surgery patients still die 5.5 years earlier than the general population.

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive editorsC-BAR-09

  Correct number, but surgery narrowed the gap rather than causing it.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Sleeve gastrectomy is a physiologically wrong operation and a 'transgression against God's creation', because the stomach is not a bag but an endocrine, muscular and immune organ whose functions are lost.

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-BAR-10

  Physiology premise partly correct; conclusion that sleeve is wrong in principle is not supported by outcome data.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Sleeve gastrectomy causes gallstones (stones form faster after sleeve/rapid weight loss).

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-BAR-11

  Correct: gallstones are a recognized consequence of sleeve and rapid weight loss.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Sleeve gastrectomy makes cancer appear decades earlier (it 'kills' and brings cancer forward).

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityCancerVideo transcript (own words)C-BAR-12

  Not supported: overall cancer deaths were lower after bariatric surgery.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Sleeve gastrectomy causes autoimmune diseases and fibromyalgia.

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityAutoimmunity and inflammationVideo transcript (own words)C-BAR-13

  Probably false: no increase in rheumatoid arthritis was found and fibromyalgia may improve after weight loss; a weak, unproven signal exists for inflammatory bowel disease.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Gastric bypass is preferable to sleeve gastrectomy (less reflux) and can fully treat type 2 diabetes; for patients who fail dieting, bypass rather than sleeve should be chosen (2021 statement).

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-BAR-14

  Reflux comparison correct; 'complete diabetes cure' overstated.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Metformin (Glucophage) disrupts normal metabolism and causes lactic acidosis (automatically, by blocking the Cori cycle).

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive quote (no location given)C-ODD-01

  Lactic acidosis from metformin is very rare and occurs mainly in contraindicated situations.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  SGLT2 inhibitors such as dapagliflozin (Forxiga) can cause ketoacidosis, sometimes with normal or low blood glucose.

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityVideo transcript (own words)C-ODD-02

  Correct: SGLT2 inhibitors can rarely cause ketoacidosis, which is a reason for care, not evidence that they are net harmful.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Insulin and diabetes drugs pull glucose out of the blood and out of the cells, producing an internal 'famine'.

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive quote (no location given)C-ODD-03

  Diabetes drugs do not starve cells; the real risk is hypoglycaemia from overdosing.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Injectable diabetes and weight-loss drugs (GLP-1 receptor agonists) can trigger pancreatitis and cysts.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive quote (no location given)C-ODD-04

  A pancreatitis signal from observational data was not confirmed in large trials; 'cysts' is unsupported.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Every major class of glucose-lowering drug (metformin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists) carries a documented signal of serious harm in the peer-reviewed literature.

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityArchive editorsC-ODD-05

  Each listed harm signal exists, but the list is one-sided and omits proven benefits.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Glucose-lowering drugs are net harmful and belong among the 'forbidden' items; dapagliflozin (Forxiga) is among the 'dirtiest' drugs and kills the brain; leg amputations happen only to people taking diabetes drugs and insulin.

  Medicines and medical proceduresDiabetes, insulin resistance and obesityThe whole system and healing claimsVideo transcript (own words)C-ODD-06

  Several diabetes drugs prolong life in large trials; calling them net harmful is false.

• True Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Long-term metformin lowers vitamin B12 and increases B12 deficiency (de Jager RCT: -19%, +7.2 percentage points deficiency over 4.3 years; DPPOS confirms).

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ODD-07

  True: metformin lowers B12; the answer is monitoring and supplementation.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  SGLT2 inhibitors are associated with Fournier gangrene: the FDA identified 55 cases in six years versus only 19 with all other diabetes drugs over 35 years.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ODD-08

  A rare possible risk, not proven in trials, that warrants vigilance.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Rosiglitazone (Avandia) raised myocardial infarction risk by 43% (Nissen meta-analysis), leading to an FDA black-box warning, and RECORD confirmed a doubling of heart failure.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ODD-09

  Heart-failure harm confirmed; heart-attack harm suggested but not settled.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Semaglutide (Ozempic) is associated with a markedly higher risk of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION), which can cause blindness (HR 4.28 in diabetes).

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ODD-10

  A possible rare eye risk with conflicting evidence.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Sulfonylureas cause more myocardial infarctions, strokes and deaths than metformin (21% higher in 253,690 veterans).

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ODD-11

  An observational signal, not confirmed by trials; hypoglycaemia is the established risk.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Pioglitazone (Actos) raises bladder cancer risk by 63%.

  Medicines and medical proceduresCancerArchive editorsC-ODD-12

  Plausible, small absolute risk from observational data.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Adenoids, tonsils and the gallbladder are organs that should not be removed; correcting the diet should be the foundation of treatment.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive quote (no location given)C-ORG-01

  Caution about unnecessary surgery is justified; a general rule never to remove these organs is not.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  Children who eat 'proper food' from infancy do not develop enlarged tonsils, adenoids or appendicitis; formula milk and infant cereals are the reason children need these operations.

  Medicines and medical proceduresMilk, yogurt and cheeseSleep, exercise and lifestyleVideo transcript (own words)C-ORG-02

  Unproven: breastfeeding is beneficial, but formula has not been shown to cause the need for tonsil, adenoid or appendix surgery.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Childhood adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy doubles to triples the risk of upper respiratory disease later in life (Byars 2018, 1.19 million Danish children).

  Medicines and medical proceduresAutoimmunity and inflammationArchive editorsC-ORG-03

  Association correct; causation uncertain.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  Tonsillectomy increases autoimmune disease by 34% (Ji 2016, 179,875 Swedish patients).

  Medicines and medical proceduresAutoimmunity and inflammationArchive editorsC-ORG-04

  Possible link; causation not shown.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  The appendix is not vestigial: Andersson 2001 'proves' an immune function because appendectomy for inflammation before age 20 is linked to lower ulcerative colitis risk.

  Medicines and medical proceduresGut and microbiomeAutoimmunity and inflammationArchive editorsC-ORG-05

  Association real; 'proof' and harm interpretation not supported.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Cholecystectomy causes a persistent long-term excess of proximal small-bowel adenocarcinoma and right-sided colon cancer (Lagergren 2001).

  Medicines and medical proceduresCancerArchive editorsC-ORG-06

  Possible small long-term risk; not proven to be caused by surgery.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Gallstones cause no symptoms and no harm, have nothing to do with pain after eating, and the gallbladder should not be removed.

  Medicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-ORG-07

  Most gallstones are silent, but the claim that they never cause symptoms is wrong.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: very low provisional

  After gallbladder removal fat absorption falls, so patients should eat more fat (e.g., 200 g instead of 100 g) such as butter and ghee.

  Medicines and medical proceduresOils, butter and gheeVideo transcript (own words)C-ORG-08

  Unproven advice.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Bilateral oophorectomy at hysterectomy for benign disease increases all-cause mortality, coronary disease and lung cancer — roughly one extra death per nine operations (Parker 2013, Nurses' Health Study).

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ORG-09

  Direction supported; the 'one in nine' figure is misquoted and over-generalized.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Hysterectomy (even with ovaries conserved) harms the heart and metabolism; uterus and ovaries form a hormonal network protecting heart, brain and bone.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ORG-10

  Possible modest risk in younger women; mortality not increased.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Oophorectomy before menopause raises the risk of cognitive impairment or dementia (HR 1.46), more so the younger the age at surgery (Rocca 2007).

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ORG-11

  Association correctly reported and consistent.

• True Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  After splenectomy there is a lasting increased risk of serious infections (pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis); the spleen has no full functional substitute.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ORG-12

  Correct: lasting infection risk after splenectomy is well established.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Splenectomy raises the risk of venous thrombosis, cardiovascular events and cancer well beyond the first decade after surgery.

  Medicines and medical proceduresCancerArchive editorsC-ORG-13

  Some risks plausible (stroke, clots); cancer and heart risk partly due to underlying disease.

• True Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  Thyroid cancer diagnoses tripled (US 1975-2009) while mortality stayed flat — an epidemic of diagnosis (overdiagnosis), driving avoidable thyroid surgery.

  Medicines and medical proceduresCancerArchive editorsC-ORG-14

  Correct: thyroid cancer overdiagnosis is well documented.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  No working organ should be removed (e.g., a thyroid with nodules that still functions); one should stay away from the scalpel, and Elawady is 'against any operation, including caesarean section'.

  Medicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-ORG-15

  Caution about unnecessary surgery is reasonable; rejecting all surgery is not.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Long-term registry data link removal of tonsils, appendix, gallbladder, uterus, ovaries and spleen to higher rates of respiratory disease, autoimmunity, cardiovascular events, gastrointestinal cancers and dementia; each organ does work the body never fully replaces.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-ORG-16

  Some long-term risks are real; many associations are not proven to be caused by surgery.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  The appendix (like tonsils and adenoids) is removed far too readily from early childhood onward.

  Medicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-ORG-17

  Partly supported: surgery is not always necessary, but appendicitis always needs treatment.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Long-term PPI use causes chronic kidney disease and excess deaths (about 45 extra deaths per 1,000 users, mainly from cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and upper gastrointestinal cancer).

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-PPI-01

  The link between long-term PPIs and kidney disease or death is real in observational data, but whether the drug causes it is unproven and likely overstated.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Long-term acid suppression increases bacterial overgrowth, Clostridioides difficile and other enteric infections, and changes the gut microbiome.

  Medicines and medical proceduresGut and microbiomeArchive editorsC-PPI-02

  Correct in substance: PPIs modestly raise the risk of gut infections and alter gut bacteria.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Long-term acid suppression is linked to vitamin B12 deficiency and low magnesium.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-PPI-03

  Correct as an association with long-term use; the risk is modest and manageable.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Acid blockers stop the absorption of all minerals, iron and vitamin B12, so nothing that is eaten benefits the body, the immune system stops working, and hair falls out.

  Medicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-PPI-04

  Exaggerated: PPIs affect a few nutrients, not the absorption of everything.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Long-term acid suppression causes hip fractures and pneumonia.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-PPI-05

  Unclear: observational studies link long-term PPI use with hip fracture and pneumonia, but the largest randomised trial did not confirm these risks.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  After stopping a PPI, rebound acid hypersecretion can cause new heartburn and reflux symptoms, even in people who had none before.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-PPI-06

  Correct: rebound acid symptoms after stopping PPIs are real but usually mild and temporary.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  PPIs create dependency: the drug 'manufactures the disease it claims to treat', so that a short course for a passing complaint turns into chronic dependence and one 'cannot stop'.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-PPI-07

  Overstated: rebound is temporary and PPIs can usually be reduced or stopped when no longer indicated.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Ranitidine forms the carcinogen NDMA in the human stomach at levels thousands of times above safety limits (up to 320,000 ng per tablet).

  Medicines and medical proceduresResidues: pesticides, antibiotics, hormonesArchive editorsC-PPI-08

  The recall is real, but the '320,000 ng in the stomach' figure is a lab extreme not confirmed in people.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Acid blockers are 'deadly poison' that cause cancers, autoimmune diseases, infertility, erectile dysfunction, depression, fatty liver and irritable bowel; their spread since about 2004–2005 explains a doubling of cancer and erectile dysfunction.

  Medicines and medical proceduresCancerAutoimmunity and inflammationVideo transcript (own words)C-PPI-09

  Mostly false: apart from uncertain observational signals, these broad harms are not supported.

• False Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  All acid-suppressing medicines (PPIs and H2 blockers) are permanently forbidden; heartburn should stop through the diet, not through drugs.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive quote (no location given)C-PPI-10

  False as a universal rule: PPIs are overused, but in defined conditions they prevent serious harm.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  PPIs are widely prescribed without a real indication (for example by doctors of other specialties to 'protect the stomach') and are now sold freely.

  Medicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-PPI-11

  Largely correct: PPIs are overused and should be reviewed, though some 'protective' use is justified.

• False Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  He stopped all immunosuppressive drugs, including cortisone, in a kidney-transplant patient six years after the transplant; after six weeks the transplanted kidney worked more efficiently with a better GFR (presented as a success of the Tayebat system).

  Medicines and medical proceduresAutoimmunity and inflammationVideo transcript (own words)C-SRC-46

  Stopping all immunosuppression after a kidney transplant risks losing the graft; one short-term case does not show otherwise.

• False Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  He could stop kidney failure and dialysis in all of Egypt within two months and prevent seasonal influenza within three weeks.

  Medicines and medical proceduresThe whole system and healing claimsVideo transcript (own words)C-SRC-47

  Ending kidney failure, dialysis and seasonal flu in weeks is not possible by any known means.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  There are to be no vaccinations: vaccinations, medicines and herbs are forbidden.

  Medicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-SRC-56

  Vaccines have small, known risks but very large proven benefits; banning them is wrong.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  For six or seven years he alone has said that statins (Crestor, Ator, Lipitor) are forbidden, and that Controloc (pantoprazole) is forbidden.

  Medicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-SRC-60

  Statins have small, real side effects but clearly prevent heart attacks and strokes; a blanket ban is wrong.

• Mostly true Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  When popular oral supplements (calcium, beta-carotene, vitamin E, omega-3, multivitamins, glucosamine, selenium, vitamin A) were tested in large long-term placebo-controlled trials, most failed to deliver the promised prevention of disease.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-SUP-01

  Largely correct for disease prevention in healthy adults.

• Unclear / insufficient evidence Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Calcium supplements without vitamin D raise the risk of myocardial infarction by about 31%, and adding vitamin D does not remove this harm.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-SUP-04

  Unclear: a heart-attack risk from calcium pills is suggested by some analyses but not confirmed by others.

• Potentially false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Multivitamins, iron, folic acid, B6, magnesium, zinc and copper supplements increase mortality, and folic acid (with B12) increases cancer.

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-SUP-06

  Probably false: randomised trials do not show that multivitamins or folic acid increase mortality or cancer.

• Potentially true Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  Certain supplements caused specific harms: more hip fractures (vitamin A), kidney stones (vitamin C), falls and fractures (high-dose vitamin D), type 2 diabetes (selenium), and no benefit for knee pain (glucosamine).

  Medicines and medical proceduresArchive editorsC-SUP-07

  Possibly true for specific high-dose regimens; not a general verdict on supplements.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: low provisional

  All oral supplements (including whey protein, collagen, creatine and omega-3) are unnecessary and harm the liver; liver enzymes will be raised after any supplement.

  Medicines and medical proceduresVideo transcript (own words)C-SUP-08

  Mostly false: liver injury is linked to specific products, not to supplements in general.

• False Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  There is no such thing as iron supplements: they are forbidden even for a pregnant woman with anaemia, because a diet that needs supplements is deficient.

  Medicines and medical proceduresOther statementsVideo transcript (own words)C-SUP-09

  False and potentially harmful: iron treatment for anaemia in pregnancy is evidence-based.

• False Certainty of evidence: high provisional

  No one needs vitamins or supplements: 'there is no such thing as dietary supplements', the body makes its own vitamins, and vitamins are on the forbidden list.

  Medicines and medical proceduresThe whole system and healing claimsVideo transcript (own words)C-SUP-10

  False as a universal rule: some supplements are clearly needed in pregnancy, infancy and deficiency.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Tea is the second most dangerous and worst drink of all (after carbonated drinks); although it is full of antioxidants, it is a bad drink that causes constipation and acid reflux and thereby problems in the rest of the body.

  Other statementsVideo transcript (own words)C-SRC-24

  Tea is not a dangerous drink at usual intake; its real downsides (iron absorption, very hot temperature) differ from those he names.

• Mostly false Certainty of evidence: moderate provisional

  Pregnant women develop health problems because pregnancy causes cortisol deficiency and raised intra-abdominal pressure.

  Other statementsVideo transcript (own words)C-SRC-65

  Cortisol rises in pregnancy; abdominal pressure is a plausible but unproven factor, so the explanation is mostly wrong.